Promoting a Healthy, Protected, and Productive Workforce; and Addressing the Expanded Riskscape in Asia and the Pacific
Main Article Content
Keywords
Workforce, Riskscape, APAC, Latin America and the Caribbean, ESCAP, United Nations
Abstract
This position paper, drafted by Nepal's delegate to the National Model United Nations 2024 (NMUN), which received the Outstanding Position Paper Award, presented at the closing ceremony at the United Nations headquarters directly addresses two of Nepal’s main objectives: promoting a healthy, protected, and productive workforce and addressing the expanding risk landscape in Asia-Pacific. It advocates coordinated policies for formalizing employment, strengthening occupational safety, and achieving universal health coverage. Recommendations include targeted skills training, incentives for formalization, improved early warning systems, and integration of disaster risk reduction into national development planning. The paper also draws lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean to enrich the analysis and promote collaborative, sustainable resilience strategies.
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References
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latina-y-el-caribe-una-recuperacion
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caribbean-less-4-cent-climate-funding-considers-needs-children
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Allen, T. (2023). Disaster risk reduction technology strikes a chord. Retrieved from https://appliedsciences.nasa.gov/our-impact/story/disaster-risk-reduction-technology-strikes-chord
Bermúdez, A. (2018). Por qué en América Latina no ha habido una integración regional como en la Unión Europea. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-43916189
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action-plan-strengthen-regional-cooperation-social-protection-asia-and-pacific
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (2022a). Social Outlook for Asia and the Pacific: The Workforce We Need. Retrieved from https://www.unescap.org/kp/2022/social-outlook-asia-and-pacific-workforce-we-need
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Roadmap_Transition%20to%20formality.pdf
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Heyzer, N. (n.d.). The MDGs in Asia and the Pacific: Regional Partnerships Are Key to Addressing Gaps in Implementation. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/mdgs-asia-and-pacific-regional-
partnerships-are-key-addressing-gaps-implementation
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2018). Data: Country Profiles. Retrieved from https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/country-profiles/?ref_area=NPL
International Labour Organization (ILO) & The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Jobs and Incomes in G20 Economies. Retrieved
from https://www.ilo.org/publications/impact-covid-19-pandemic-jobs-and-incomes-g20-economies-0
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2023). Global Employment Policy Review 2023: Macroeconomic policies for recovery and structural transformation. Geneva: International Labour Office.
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2024a). Impact of digitalization on work in developing economies revealed by new ILO research. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/impact-digitalization-
work-developing-economies-revealed-new-ilo-research
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2024b). Safety + Health for All. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/topics/safety-and-health-work/programmes-projects/safety-health-all
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2024c). Formalization. Retrieved from
https://www.ilo.org/international-labour-organization/topics/formalization
Junfeng, L. (2024). Research on the impact of digital economy on labor resource allocation: Evidence from China. PloS one, 19(4), e0297449.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297449
Karkee, R., & Comfort, J. (2016). NGOs, Foreign Aid, and Development in Nepal. Frontiers in public health, 4, 177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00177
Maurizio, R. (2021). Empleo e informalidad en América Latina y el Caribe: una recuperación insuficiente y desigual. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/es/publications/empleo-e-informalidad-en-america-
latina-y-el-caribe-una-recuperacion
Ministry of Home Affairs. (2018). Nepal Disaster Report, 2017: The Road to Sendai, Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.
Ministry of Home Affairs. (2019). Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act, 2074, and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Rules, 2076.Government of Nepal.
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). (2022). Overview of occupational safety and health in Latin America and the Caribbean:Regional information note. Lima: Organización Internacional del Trabajo.
Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), United Nations Development Program (UNDP) & United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2021). Nepal Multidimensional Poverty Index: Analysis Towards Action. Nepal: Government of Nepal.
Rafferty, J. P. (2024). Nepal earthquake of 2015. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nepal-earthquake-of-2015
Sevilla, P. (2023). Mexico’s 20-year conditional cash transfer program supports low-income households to access services. Retrieved from https://www.sdg16.plus/policies/mexicos-20-year-conditional-cash-
transfer-program-supports-low-income-households-to-access-services/
Silva, J., Sousa, L. D., Packard, T. G., & Robertson, R. (2021). Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America. World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Studies.
https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1672-7
The World Bank. (2021). Subnational Doing Business in Brazil 2021.Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/TheWorld Bank.
The World Bank. (2023). Government of Nepal and World Bank Launch $103.84 Million Nepal Quality Health Systems Program to Strengthen Nepal’s Health System. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/12/01/government-of-nepal-and-world-
bank-launch-103-84-million-nepal-quality-health-systems-program-to-strengthen-nepal-s-heal#:~:text=“The%20Nepal%20Quality%20Health%20Systems,Tanka%20Barakoti%2C%20Additional%20Health%20Secretary.
The World Bank. (2024). The World Bank In Nepal. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nepal/overview
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2017). Nepal: Emergency.Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/nepal/emergency#:~:text=Nepal%20is%20highly%20prone%20to,earthquakes%20and%20multi%20hazards%20respectively.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA).(2023a). 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Retrievedfrom https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal8
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). (2023b). 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.Retrieved from https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal3
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2021). Regional Human Development Report 2021. Trapped: High Inequality and Low Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York City: UNDP.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2022). Explorador de Datos de la Economía Informal. Retrieved from https://data.undp.org/insights/informal-economy
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO). (2024). Risk-informed policy making to strengthen buildings'resilience to earthquakes. Retrieved from
https://www.unesco.org/en/disaster-risk-reduction/berlac/policy
United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA). (2018). Regional Overview: Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved from https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/18-291-Delivering
SuppliesCrisis-Asia-finalweb.pdf
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2022a). Regional Report. Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 for Latin America and
the Caribbean (Volume 1). UNDRR - Regional Office for the Americas and the Caribbean.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2022b). a snapshot on how social media and crowdsourcing are currently used by disaster management organizations in Europe: The first results from
the LINKS cases. Retrieved from https://www.preventionweb.net/news/snapshot-how-social-media-and-crowdsourcing-are-currently-used-disaster-management
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2023a).Disaster risk reduction financing in Asia and the Pacifica: Scoping study for the Midterm Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030. Retrieved from https://www.undrr.org/publication/disaster-risk-reduction-financing-asia-and-pacific-scoping-study-midterm-review-sendai
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2023b).Overview of disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean 2000-2022.Retrieved from https://www.undrr.org/publication/overview-disasters-
latin-america-and-caribbean-2000-2022
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2023c).Inclu sive disaster risk reduction means resilience for everyone. Retrieved from https://www.undrr.org/news/inclusive-disaster-risk-reduction-
means- resilience-everyone
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2023d). Making Cities Resilient (MCR 2023). Retrieved from https://mcr2030.undrr.org
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (n.d.). Climate Bonds Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.undrr.org/organization/climate-bonds-initiative
United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). (2022). Decent Work and Economic Growth. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/goal-08/
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). (2022). Early Recovery, Risk Reduction, and Resilience. Retrieved from https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/USAID-BHA_Latin_
America_and_the_Caribbean_ER4_Fact_Sheet_FY_2022.pdf
U.S. Department of Labor. (2024). Improving Labor Law Enforcement in Guatemala. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-labor-law-enforcement-guatemala
Vernick, D. (2024). Is climate change increasing the risk of disasters?.Retrieved from https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/is-climate-change-increasing-the-risk-of-disasters#:~:text=As%20the%20climate%20crisis%20intensifies,worse%20than%20scientists%20originally%20predicted.
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