Ciudadanía y tecnopolítica electoral. Ideales y límites burocráticos a la participación digital
Main Article Content
Keywords
Participación, elecciones, ciberdemocracia, cibercampaña
Resumen
Exploramos las actitudes de los españoles hacia las herramientas digitales propuestas por los actores políticos durante las elecciones generales españolas de 2008. Analizamos seis grupos de discusión organizados según las dimensiones de edad, identificación ideológica y nivel de institucionalización a la hora de participar en política. Exploramos hasta qué punto la brecha digital generacional de los usuarios de Internet, la auto-ubicación ideológica o la pertenencia a partidos políticos y movimientos sociales influye en la percepción de la ciberpolítica. Los resultados son complejos. La ciudadanía percibió como la igualdad de las prácticas digitales no se correspondía con las potencialidades de una ciberdemocracia distorsionada.
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Referencias
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Boulianne, Shelley (2009). “Does Internet Use Affect Engagement? A Me-ta-Analysis of Research”. En: Political Communication No. 26, pp. 193-211.
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Carty, Victoria (2002). “Technology and Counter-hegemonic Move-ments: The case of Nike Corporation”. En: Social Movement Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 129-146.
Castells, Manuel (2009). Comunicación y poder. Madrid: Alianza.
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Morgan, David – Krueger, Richard (1993). When to use Focus Groups and Why. Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the State of the Art. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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Norris, Pippa (2000). “A Virtuous Circle? The impact of Party Organi-zation and the News media on Civic Engagement in Post-Modern Cam-paigns’. Procedente del ECPR Joint Workshops on ́Do Campaigns Mat-ter?’ celebrado el 14-18 de abril de 2000 en Copenhagen
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Bennett, Lance – Iyengar, Shanto (2010). “A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication”. En Journal of Communication, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 707-731.
Bennett, Lance – Segerberg, Alexandra (2011). “Digital media and the personalization of collective action”. En: Information, Communication & Society, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 770-799.
Best, Samuel–Krueger, Brian (2005). “Analyzing the Representativeness of Internet Political Participation”. En: Political Behavior, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 183-216.
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Borge, Rosa – Cardenal, Ana (2011). “Surfing the Net: A Pathway to Par-ticipation for the Politically Uninterested?”. En: Policy & Internet, Vol. 3, No. 1.
Boulianne, Shelley (2009). “Does Internet Use Affect Engagement? A Me-ta-Analysis of Research”. En: Political Communication No. 26, pp. 193-211.
Cappella, Joseph – Jamieson, Kathleen (1997). Spiral of Cynicism. The Press and the Public Good. New York: Oxford University Press.
Carty, Victoria (2002). “Technology and Counter-hegemonic Move-ments: The case of Nike Corporation”. En: Social Movement Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 129-146.
Castells, Manuel (2009). Comunicación y poder. Madrid: Alianza.
Chadwick, Andrew (2006). Internet Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Christensen, Henrik – Bengtsson, Åsa (2011). “The political competente of internet participants”. En: Information, Communication & Society, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 896-916.
Cunha, Carlos – Martin, Irene – Newell James – Ramiro, Luis (2003). “Southern European Parties and Party Systems, and the New ICTs”. En: Gibson, Rachel – Nixon, P. – Ward, Stephen (eds.) Political Parties and the Internet: Net Gain? London and New York: Routledge.
Dahlgreen, Peter (2003). “Reconfiguring Civic Culture in the New Media Milieu”. En: Corner, John – Pels, Dick (eds.) Media and the Restyling of Politics: Consumers, Celebrity and Cynicism. London: Sage.
Dahlgren, Peter (2005). “The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation”. En: Political Communica-tion No. 22, pp. 147-162.
Dalton, Russell – Wattenberg, Martin (2000). (eds.) Parties without parti-sans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Della Porta, Donatella (2011). “Communication in movement”. En: Infor-mation, Communication & Society, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 800-819.
Diani, Mario (2000). “Social movement networks virtual and real”. En: Information, Communication & Society, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 386-401.
Earl, Jennifer – Schussman, Alan (2003). “The new site of activism: on-line organizations, movement entrepreneurs, and the changing location of social movement decision-making”. En Coy, Patrick (ed.) Consensus Decision Making, Northern Ireland and Indigenous Movements. London: JAI Press.
Flanagin, Andrew – Stohl, Cynthia – Bimber, Bruce (2006). “Modeling the Structure of Collective Action”. En: Communication Monographs, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 29-54.
Gibson, Rachel – Ward, Sthepen – Lusoli, Wainer (2003). “The Internet and Political Campaigning: The New Medium Comes of Age?”. En: Repre-sentation, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 166-180.
Gibson, Rachel – Cantijoch, Marta (2011). “Comparing online elections in Australia and the UK: Did 2010 finally produce ‘the’ Internet elec-tion?”. En: Communication, Politics & Culture, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 4-17.
Giddens, Anthony (1991). Modernity and self-identity. Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford University Press.
Grönlund, Kimmo – Strandberg, Kim –Himmelroos, Staffan (2009). “The challenge of deliberative democracy online. A comparison of face-to-face and virtual experiments in citizen deliberation”. En: Information Polity 14, pp. 187–201.
Haro, Carmen – Sampedro, Víctor (2011). “Activismo político en Red: del Movimiento por la Vivienda Digna al 15M”. En: Revista Tecknokultu-ra, Vol. 8, No. 2. pp. 167-185.
Hallin, Daniel – Mancini, Paolo (2004). Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Iosifidis, Petros (2011). “The public sphere, social Networks and public service media”. En: Information, Communication & Society, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 619-637.
Jackson, Nigel – Lilleker, Darren (2009). “Building an architecture of par-ticipation? Political parties and Web 2.0 in Britain”. En: Journal of Infor-mation Technologies and Politics, Vol. 63, No. 4. pp. 232-250.
Johnson, Thomas – Bichard, Shannon – Zhang, Weiwu (2009). “Com-munication Communities or ‘‘CyberGhettos?’’: A Path Analysis Model Examining Factors that Explain Selective Exposure to Blogs”. En: Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication No. 15, pp. 60–82
Krueger, Richard (1994). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Re-search. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Krueger, Rirchard – Casey, Mary Anne (2000). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publica-tions.
Linz, Juan – Stepan, Alfred (1996). Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Euro-pe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Lusoli, Wainer (2005). “A second-order medium? The Internet as a source of electoral information in 25 European countries”. En: Information Polity, No. 10, pp. 247-265.
Margolis, Michael – Resnick, David (2000). Politics as usual: the cyberspace “revolution”. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Morgan, David – Krueger, Richard (1993). When to use Focus Groups and Why. Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the State of the Art. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Morlino, Leonardo (1995). “Political Parties and Democratic Consolida-tion in Southern Europe”. En: Diamandouros, Nikiforos – Gunther, Ri-chard (eds.) Parties, Politics and Democracy in the New Southern Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Neuman, Russell – Bimber, Bruce – Hindman, Matthew (2010). “Internet and Four Dimensions of Citizenship”. En: The Oxford Handbook of Ameri-can Public Opinion and the Media. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks.
Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis (2012). Ground Wars: Personalized Communication in Political Campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Medvic, Stephen (2011). New directions in campaigns and elections. Boston: Taylor & Francis.
Mozorov, Evgeny (2011). The netdesilusion. The dark side of Internet free-dom. Publica Affairs.
Norris, Pippa (2000). “A Virtuous Circle? The impact of Party Organi-zation and the News media on Civic Engagement in Post-Modern Cam-paigns’. Procedente del ECPR Joint Workshops on ́Do Campaigns Mat-ter?’ celebrado el 14-18 de abril de 2000 en Copenhagen
Norris, Pippa (2003). “Preaching to the Converted? Pluralism, Participa-tion and Party Websites”. En: Party Politics Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 21-45.
Norris, Pippa (2005). “The Impact of the Internet on Political Activism: Evidence from Europe”. En: International Journal of Electronic Government Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 20-39.
Norris, Pippa – Walgrave, Stefaan –Van Aelst, Peter (2005). “Who de-monstrates? Anti-State Rebels, Conventional Participants, or Everyone?”. En: Comparative Politics, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 189-205.
Patterson, Thomas (2002). The vanishing voter. Public involvement in an age of uncertainty. New York: Vintage Books.
Poletti, Monica (2012). Has Italy become a Tocquevillian Democracy? A Longitudinal Study of the Determinants of Political Participation. PhD Thesis Università degli Studi di Milano. Disponible en: http://air.unimi.it/hand-le/2434/172624
Prensky, Marc (2001). “Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants”. In: On the Horizon, octubre 2001, Vol. 9, No. 5. Lincoln: NCB University Press.
Putnam, Robert (2000). Bowling alone’: The Collapse and Revival of Ameri-can Community. New York: Simon and Schrster.
Rabiee, Fatemeh (2004). Focus group interview and data analysis. Procee-dings of the Nutrition Society, No. 63, pp. 655-660.
Ritchie, Jane – Spencer, Liz (1994). “Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research”. En: Bryman, Alan – Burgess, Robert (eds.) Analysing Qualitative Data. London: Routledge.
Rotman, Dana – Preece, Jenny – Vieweg, Sarah (et. al) (2011). “From Slacktivism to Activism: Participatory Culture in the Age of Social Me-dia”. Paper presentado en la conferencia anual: “Human factors in compu-ting systems”, celebrado en Vancouver, 7–12 de mayo.
Sánchez Duarte, José Manuel (2011). “Partidos políticos o cómo no enten-der (ni querer) la red”. En: Más Poder Local, No. 6, pp. 28-29.
Sampedro, Víctor (2005). (ed.) 13-M. Multitudes online. Madrid: La Cata-rata. Disponible en: http://www.victorsampedro.net
Sampedro, Víctor – López Rey, José (2006). “Nunca Más y la cara oculta de la esfera pública: la visibilidad mediática de un movimiento social en un contexto de control de la información”. En: Nos Aldas, Eloísa (ed.) Medios de Comunicación y solidaridad: reflexiones en torno a la des/articulación social. Castellón: Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I. Disponible en: http://www.victorsampedro.net
Sampedro, Víctor – Resina, Jorge (2010). “Opinión pública y democracia deliberativa en la Sociedad Red”. En: Revista Ayer 80(4). Disponible en: http://www.victorsampedro.net
Sampedro, Víctor (2011). “Públicos y Recursos Tecnopolíticos. Minorías insatisfechas y diques a la participación”. En: Sampedro, Víctor (ed.) Ci-bercampaña. Cauces y diques para la participación. Las elecciones generales de 2008 y su proyección tecnopolítica (pp. 11-39). Madrid: Editorial Complu-tense. Disponible en: http://www.ciberdemocracia.net
Sampedro, Víctor (2011). (ed.) Cibercampaña. Cauces y diques para la parti-cipación. Las elecciones generales de 2008 y su proyección tecnopolítica. Madrid: Editorial Complutense. Disponible en: http://www.ciberdemocracia.net
Sampedro, Víctor – Sánchez Duarte, José Manuel (2011). “La Red era la Plaza”. En: Sampedro, Víctor (ed.) Cibercampaña. Cauces y diques para la participación. Las elecciones generales de 2008 y su proyección tecnopolítica(pp. 237-240). Madrid: Editorial Complutense. Disponible en: http://www.ciberdemocracia.es
Sampedro, Víctor – Muñoz, Celia – Dader, José Luis – Campos Domínguez, Eva (2011). “Spain’s Cyber-campaign: Only for a dissatisfied, yet very acti-ve, minority, following the trend of other Southern European Countries”. En: Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 3-20. Disponible en: http://www.ciberdemocracia.net
Sampedro, Víctor – Seoane, Francisco (2008). “The 2008 Spanish Ge-neral Elections: The campaign in the Media”. En: International Journal of Press/Politics. Disponible en: http://www.victorsampedro.net
Stromer-Galley, Jennifer (2000). “On-line interaction and why candidates avoid it”. En: Journal of Communication, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 111-132.
Sunstein, Cass (2000). “Deliberative Trouble? Why Groups Go to Extre-mes”. En: The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 110, No. 1, pp. 71-119.
Tilly, Charles (2004). Social movements, 1768-2004. Londres: Paradigm Publishers.
Vaccari, Cristian (2008). “Research Note: Italian Parties’ Websites in the 2006 Elections”. En: European Journal of Communication, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 69-77.
Vaccari, Cristian (2009). “Internet e partecipazione politica nelle elezioni italiane e francesi”. En: Partecipazione e Conflitto, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 43-69.
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Publicado
jul 18, 2013
Article Details
Cómo citar
Sampedro Blanco, V. F., Sánchez Duarte, J. M., & Poletti, M. (2013). Ciudadanía y tecnopolítica electoral. Ideales y límites burocráticos a la participación digital. Co-Herencia, 10(18), 105–136. https://doi.org/10.17230/co-herencia.10.18.4
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Dossier
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Biografía del autor/a
Víctor F. Sampedro Blanco, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Catedrático de opinión pública y comunicación política. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid.José Manuel Sánchez Duarte, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Doctor en Comunicación. Profesor de opinión pública y comunicación política, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid.
Monica Poletti, Università degli Studi de Milán
Doctora en Sociología Política, Università degli Studi de Milán.
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