La “Prueba del esfuerzo personal” en la teoría de la intervención militar de Michael Walzer
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Keywords
Prueba del esfuerzo personal, secesión, intervención militar, Michael Walzer, teoría de la guerra justa
Resumen
Este artículo analiza la importancia de la prueba del esfuerzo personal propuesta por Michael Walzer y muestra su valor como conector entre un conflicto interno de una comunidad y la intervención militar extranjera. Tras ofrecer una breve aproximación a la teoría de la autodeterminación en el pensamiento de Walzer —donde se describen los principios de autodeterminación y de no intervención dentro de la presunción de la legitimidad del Estado—, el artículo estudia el concepto de la prueba del esfuerzo personal. Asimismo, se ocupa de las particularidades de este mecanismo, mostrando los dos niveles de la prueba y las consecuencias de pasar ambos niveles. Luego, el estudio expone la importancia de la intervención militar —tanto de la contraintervención como de la intervención frente a secesión— como garante de la autodeterminación en la esfera internacional. Finalmente, cuestiona la conexión filosófica desarrollada por Walzer entre la victoria militar y la representatividad nacional a través del estudio de la Guerra Civil siria. El artículo concluye que la prueba del esfuerzo personal constituye una propuesta polémica e interesante, que combina el compromiso con el respeto por la autodeterminación con la intervención militar en la protección de la estabilidad internacional.
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