The Effect of Private Management of Public Schools on Student Achievement in Bogotá, Colombia
Main Article Content
Keywords
Concession schools, secondary education, education achievement, propensity score
Abstract
During the last 15 years, the public school system in Bogotá, Colombia has maintained a concession system in which 25 schools are managed privately with exemptions to many of the rules required in the traditional schools. This study uses the propensity score matching technique to examine whether students in the privately-managed schools have better scores on the Saber 11° examinations taken upon completion of secondary school. The results for 251 schools indicates that students with comparable socioeconomic characteristics score considerably better on these tests in the privately-managed schools than in the traditional public schools. Thus, there is evidence that the privately-managed public schools are a cost-effective alternative to the traditional public school.
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References
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Dehejia, R., & Wahba, S. (2002). Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Nonexperimental Causal Studies. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 151-161. doi: 10.2307/3211745
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Rubin, D. B. (1978). Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role of Randomization. The Annals of Statistics, 6(1), 34-58. doi: 10.2307/2958688
Rumberger, R., & Palardy, G. (2005). Test Scores, Dropout Rates, and Transfer Rates as Alternative Indicators of High School Performance. American Educational Research Journal, 42, 3-42. doi: 10.3102/00028312042001003
Sarmiento, A., Alonso, C., Duncan, G., & Garzón, C. (2005). Evaluación de la gestión de los colegios en concesión en Bogotá 2000-2003 Archivos de Economía: Departamento Nacional de Planeación - DNP.
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Toma, E. (2005). Private Schools in a Global World. Southern Economic Journal, 71(4), 692-704. doi: 10.2307/20062074
Wöszmann, L., & West, M. (2006). Class-size effects in school systems around the world: Evidence from between-grade variation in TIMSS. European Economic Review, 50(3), 695-736. doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.11.005
Barrera, F., Maldonado, D., & Rodríguez, C. (2012). Calidad de la educación básica y media en Colombia: diagnóstico y propuestas Serie Documentos de Trabajo: Universidad del Rosario.
Bishop, J. (2004). Drinking from the Fountain of Knowledge: Student Incentive to Study and Learn-Externalities, Information Problems and Peer Pressure CAHRS Working Paper Series: Cornell University.
Bonilla, J. (2010). Contracting Out Public Schools for Academic Achievement: Evidence from Colombia Job Market Papers: University of Maryland.
Caliendo, M., & Kopeinig, S. (2008). Some practical guiance for the implementation of Propensity Score Matching. Journal of Economic Surveys, 22(1), 31-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6419.2007.00527.x
Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2005). Microeconometrics: Cambridge University Press.
Dehejia, R., & Wahba, S. (2002). Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Nonexperimental Causal Studies. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 151-161. doi: 10.2307/3211745
Eyzaguirre, B. (2002). Los alumnos bajo la lupa: los exámenes externos con consecuencias individuales. Estudios públicos, 88, 164-226.
Figlio, D., & Lucas, M. (2004). Do high grading standards affect student performance? Journal of Public Economics, 88(9–10), 1815-1834. doi: 10.1016/S0047-2727(03)00039-2
Fuchs, T., & Wöszmann, L. (2007). What accounts for international differences in student performance? A re-examination using PISA data. Empirical Economics, 32(2-3), 433-464. doi: 10.1007/s00181-006-0087-0
Gamboa, L. (2012). Análisis de la evolución de la igualdad de oportunidades en educación media, en una perspectiva internacional. El caso de Colombia. En ICFES (Ed.), Estudio Sobre Calidad de la Educación en Colombia (pp. 1-42).
Gamboa, L., & Londoño, E. (2014). Equality of Educational Oppotunities in Colombia: A Metropolitan Area Comparison Serie Documentos de Trabajo: Universidad del Rosario.
Gaviria, A., & Barrientos, J. (2001). Determinantes de la Calidad de la Educación en Colombia Archivos de Economía: Departamento Nacional de Planeación - DNP.
Hanushek, E., & Wöszmann, L. (2011). The Economics of International Differences in Educational Achievement Handbook of the Economics of Education (Vol. 3, pp. 91-198): Elsevier B.V.
Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. E. (1997). Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator: Evidence from Evaluating a Job Training Programme. The Review of Economic Studies, 64(4), 605-654. doi: 10.2307/2971733
Ichino, A., Mealli, F., & Nannicini, T. (2008). From temporary help jobs to permanent employment: what can we learn from matching estimators and their sensitivity? Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(3), 305-327. doi: 10.1002/jae.998
Imbens, G. W. (2004). Nonparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Under Exogeneity: A Review. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 4-29. doi: 10.1162/003465304323023651
Iregui, A., Melo, L., & Ramos, J. (2007). Análisis de eficiencia de la educación en Colombia. Revista de Economía del Rosario, 10(1), 21-41.
Jakubowski, M., & Sakowski, P. (2006). Quasi-experimental estimates of class size effect in primary schools in Poland. International Journal of Educational Research, 45(3), 202-215. doi: 10.1016/j.ijer-2006.11.003
Khandker, S. R., Koolwal, G. B., & Samad, H. A. (2010). Handbook on Impact Evaluation: Quantitative Methods and Practices: World Bank.
Nannicini, T. (2007). Simulation-based sensitivity analysis for matching estimators. Stata Journal, 7(3), 334-350.
Patrinos, H., & Sosale, S. (2007). Mobilizing the private sector for public education: A view from the trenches. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
Pessoa, A. (2008). Educational reform in developing Countries: private involvement and Partnerships FEP Working Papers: Universidade do Porto.
Roemer, J. (1998). Equality of Opportunity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Roemer, J. (2002). Equality of opportunity: A progress report. Social Choice and Welfare, 19(2), 455-471. doi: 10.1007/s003550100123
Rosenbaum, P. R. (1987). Sensitivity Analysis for Certain Permutation Inferences in Matched Observational Studies. Biometrika, 74(1), 13-26. doi: 10.2307/2336017
Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Observational Studies: Springer New York.
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983a). Assessing Sensitivity to an Unobserved Binary Covariate in an Observational Study with Binary Outcome. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 45(2), 212-218.
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983b). The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55. doi: 10.2307/2335942
Rubin, D. B. (1978). Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role of Randomization. The Annals of Statistics, 6(1), 34-58. doi: 10.2307/2958688
Rumberger, R., & Palardy, G. (2005). Test Scores, Dropout Rates, and Transfer Rates as Alternative Indicators of High School Performance. American Educational Research Journal, 42, 3-42. doi: 10.3102/00028312042001003
Sarmiento, A., Alonso, C., Duncan, G., & Garzón, C. (2005). Evaluación de la gestión de los colegios en concesión en Bogotá 2000-2003 Archivos de Economía: Departamento Nacional de Planeación - DNP.
Schültz, G., West, M., & Wöszmann, L. (2007). School Accountability, Autonomy, Choice, and the Equity of Student Achievement: International Evidence from PISA 2003 Education Working Paper: OECD.
Schütz, G., Ursprung, H., & Wöszmann, L. (2008). Education Policy and Equality of Opportunity. Kyklos, 61(2), 279-308.
Secretaría de Educación Distrital. Resolución 3122 de 1999 (1999).
Secretaría de Educación Distrital. Resolución 2487 de 2003 (2003).
SED - Secretaría de Educación Distrital. (2014). Caracterización del Sector Educativo de Bogotá año 2013. Bogotá D.C.
Toma, E. (2005). Private Schools in a Global World. Southern Economic Journal, 71(4), 692-704. doi: 10.2307/20062074
Wöszmann, L., & West, M. (2006). Class-size effects in school systems around the world: Evidence from between-grade variation in TIMSS. European Economic Review, 50(3), 695-736. doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.11.005