Functionalized Low Density Polyethylene with Maleinized Hyperbranched Polyester Polyol
Main Article Content
Keywords
low density polyethylene, hyperbranched polyester, functionalization, thermal analysis, mechanical properties
Abstract
In this work, low density polyethylene (LDPE) was modified in the melt state with a maleinized hyperbranched polyester polyol (HBPAM), using several proportions of dicumyl peroxide (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %). Infrared analysis showed the signals of OH, C=O, -COOR and -C=C- groups of the HBPAM in the spectra of the functionalized samples (LDPE-g-HBPAM). Grafting degree (GD) was between 9.14 and 9.82 %. Melt flow index of the samples LDPE-g-HBPAM was lower than that of the LDPE, and it did not exhibit dependency on the dicumyl peroxide content and GD. Except
for the sample obtained with a 2.0 % of dicumyl peroxide, all melting temperatures of the samples of LDPE-g-HBPAM were similar to that of the LDPE. The melting enthalpy of the samples LDPE-g-HBPAM decreased with the concentration of dicumyl peroxide and GD. The tensile modulus of these samples was higher than that of LDPE, but the elongation at break was lower.
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References
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[2] S. Filippi, V. Chiono, G. Polacco, M. Paci, L. Minkova, and P. Magagnini, “Reactive compatibilizer precursors for
LDPE/PA6blends, 1.Ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers,” Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol. 203, pp. 1512–1525, 2002. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.0.1016/S00323861(03)00133-2 128
[3] S. Filippi, L. Minkova, N. Dintcheva, P. Narduccia, and P. Magagnini,“Comparative study of different maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizer precursors towards LDPE/PA6 blends: Morphology and mechanical properties,” Polymer, vol. 46, pp. 8054–8061, 2005. [Online].
Available:http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.090 128
[4] Y. M. Al-Roomi and K. Hussain, “Homo-oligomerization of maleic anhydride in nonpolar solvents: a kinetic study of deviations from nonlinear behavior,”Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 102, pp. 3404–3412, 2006. [Online].Available: http://dx.doi.10.1002/app.22831 128
[5] E. Passaglia, S. Coiai, and S. Augier, “Control of macromolecular architecture during the reactive functionalization in the melt of olefin polymers,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 34, pp. 911–947, 2003. [Online].Available: http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.008 128, 129
[6] Y. Zhang, J. Chen, and H. Li, “Functionalization of polyolefins with maleic anhydride in melt state through ultrasonic initiation,”Polymer, vol. 47, pp. 4750–4759, 2006. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.040 128, 129
[7] E. Zagar and M. Zigon, “Aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid-determination of structure, solution and bulk properties,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 36, pp. 53–88, 2011.[Online]. Available: http://dx.doi10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.08.004 129,135
[8] E. A. Murillo, A. Cardona, and B. L. López, “Rheological Behavior in the Molten State and Solution of hyperbranched polyester of fourth and fifth generation,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 119, pp. 929–935,2011. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.10.1002/app.32774 129, 135
[9] E. Jeong, T. Bae, S. Yun, S. Woo, and Y. Lee, “Surface characteristics of lowdensity polyethylene films modified by oxyfluorination-assisted graft polymerization,”Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 373, pp.36–41, 2011. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.0.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.10.008 129
[10] E. Zagar, M. Huskic, and M. Zigon, “Structure-to-properties relationship of aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters,” Macromolecular Chemistry Physics, vol. 208, pp. 1379–1387, 2007. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1002/macp.200600672129
[11] A. Mishra, K. Jena, and K. Raju, “Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyester-urethane-urea/K10-clay hybrid coatings,” Macromolecular Chemistry Physics, vol. 64, pp. 47–56, 2009. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.0.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.07.012 129
[12] M. Kutyreva, G. S. Usmanova, N. Ulakhovich, and G. Kutyrev, “Polynuclear Cu (II) complexes with hyperbranched polyester carboxylates,” Russian J. of Gen. Chem, vol. 80, pp. 787–789, 2010. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1134/S1070363210040183 129
[13] E. Murillo, P. Vallejo, and B. López, “Effect of tall oil fatty acids content on the properties of novel hyperbranched alkyd resins,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 120, pp. 3151–3158, 2011. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1002/app.33502 129
[14] T. Saki, “Reactive melt blending of low-density polyethylene with poly (acrylic acid),” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 8, pp. 3151–3158, 2015.[Online]. Available:
http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.05.021 129
[15] S. Singh, S. Tambe, A. Samui, and V. R. Dhirendra Kumar, “Maleic acid grafted low density polyethylene for thermally sprayable anticorrosive coatings),” Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 55, pp. 20–26, 2006. [Online].Available: http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.09.007 129
[16] D. Clark,W. Baker, and R.Whitney, “Peroxide-initiated comonomer grafting of styrene and maleic anhydride onto polyethylene: Effect of polyethylene microstructure,” Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 96–107, 2001. 129, 135
[17] M. Guzmán and E. A. Murillo, “Funcionalización de Polietileno de Baja Densidad con Anhídrido Maleico en Estado Fundido),” Polímeros, vol. 24, pp.96–107, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi./10.4322/polimeros.2014.034 129, 135, 137, 140
[18] C. Jiang, S. Filippi, and P. Magagnini, “Reactive compatibilizer precursors for LDPE/PA6 blends. II: maleic anhydride grafted polyethylenes),”Polímeros, vol. 44, pp. 2411–2422, 2003. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00133-2 130
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[20] Y. Zhang, J. Chen, and H. Li, “Functionalization of polyolefins with maleic anhydride in melt state through ultrasonic initiation),”Polymer, vol. 47, pp. 4750–4759, 2006. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.040 135
[21] Yordanov and L. Minkova, “Fractionated crystallization of compatibilized LDPE/PA6 blends,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 41, pp. 527–534, 2005.[Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.10.034 136
[22] N. Dayma and B. K. Satapathy, “Microstructural correlations tomicromechanical properties of polyamide-6/low density polyethylenegrafted-maleic anhydride/nanoclay ternary nanocomposites,” Materials and Design, vol. 33, pp. 510–522, 2012. [Online].
Available:http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.057 136
[23] E. A. Murillo, P. P. Vallejo, and B. L. López, “Characterization of hydroxylated hyperbranched polyesters of fourth and fifth generation,”e-Polymers, vol. 1, pp. 1347–1358, 2010. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1515/epoly.2010.10.1.1347 137
[24] E. Zagar, M. Zigon, and S. Podzimek, “Characterization of commercial aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters,” Polymer, vol. 47, pp. 166–175, 2006.[Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.142 137
[25] T.Motaung and A. Luyt, “Effect of maleic anhydride grafting and the presence of oxidized wax on the thermal and mechanical behaviour of LDPE/silica nanocomposites,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 527, pp. 761-768, 2010. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1515/epoly.2010.10.1.1347 137
[26] M. T. Zaky, “Influence of low-density polyethylene on the thermal characteristics and crystallinity of high melting point macro- and microcrystalline,”waxes Thermochimica Acta, vol. 499, pp. 79–84, 2010. [Online].Available: http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.tca.2009.11.005 138
[27] A. Pedroso and D. Rosa, “Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of recycled LDPE/corn starch blends,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 59, pp. 1–9, 2005. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.08.018 139
[28] R. Scaffaro, F. P. La Mantia, L. Canfora, G. Polacco, S. Filippi,and P. Magagnini, “Reactive compatibilization of PA6/LDPE blends with an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and a low molar mass bisoxazoline,”Polymers, vol. 44, pp. 6951–6957, 2003. [Online]. Available:http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.polymer.2003.06.001140