Evaluation of mixing conditions and its influence over free residual

Authors

  • C Montoya Universidad del Valle
  • C H Cruz Universidad del Valle
  • P Torres Universidad del Valle
  • Santiago Laín Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
  • J C Escobar EMCALI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.8.15.1

Keywords:

water age, water quality, free residual chlorine, chlorine decay, thermal stratification, mixing regime, compensation tank, temperature, tracer.

Abstract

We performed a real scale evaluation of mixing conditions and its influence on water quality in a compensation tank of drinking-water distribution system located in the city of Cali, Colombia. The hydrodynamic study with continuous injection of tracer, and temperature and free chlorine measurements for identifying the mixing regime in the tank’s interior, residence time, thermal stratification, and chlorine variations in the stored water showed the typical characteristics of a compensation tank. We concluded that water recirculation, inadequate water exchange, low moment fluxes associated with low velocity flows, and punctual thermal stratification could lead to high water age, high residence times in the tank, inadequate mixing, and important loss of free residual chlorine. The methodology developed is suitable for evaluation and optimization of compensation tanks of drinking water distribution systems.

PACS: 92.40.-t, 92.40.qc

MSC: 62J10

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • C Montoya, Universidad del Valle

    MSc en Ingeniería, énfasis Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental

  • C H Cruz, Universidad del Valle

    MSc en Ingeniería Civil

References

F. Mahmood, J. Pimblett, N. Grace, W. Grayman. Evaluation of water mixing characteristics in distribution system storage tanks, Journal AWWA, ISSN 2164-4535, 97(3), 74-88 (2005).

K. Lansey, P. Boulos. Comprehensive handbook on water quality analysis for distributions systems,First edition, ISBN 0-9745689-3-7. Ed. MWH Soft, California, 2005.

L. Rossman, W. Grayman. Scale-model studies of mixing in drinking water storage tanks, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ISSN 0733-9372, 125(8), 755-761 (1999).

W. Grayman, L. Rossman, R. Deininger, C. Smith, A. Clifford, J. Smith. Mixing and aging of water in distribution system storage facilities, Journal AWWA, ISSN 2164-4535, 96(9), 70–80 (2004). Referenciado en 12

O. Nordblom, L. Bergdahl. Initiation of stagnation in drinking water storage tanks, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ISSN 0733-9429, 130(1), 49–57 (2004).

P. Boulos, W. Grayman, R. Bowcock, J. Clapp, L. Rossman, R. Clark, R. Deininger, A. Dhingra. Hydraulic mixing and free chlorine residual in reservoirs, Journal AWWA, ISSN 2164–4535, 88(7), 48–59 (1996).

W. Grayman, L. Rossman, C. Arnold, R. Deininger, Ch. Smith, J. Smith, R. Schnipke. Water quality modeling for distribution system storage facilities, ISBN-13 978-1583210062. Ed. American Water Works Association, 1999.

Colombia, Ministerio de la Protección Social. Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial , Resolución 2115. Bogotá D.C, Colombia. 2007.

Environmental Protection Agency EPA. The Effectiveness of Disinfectant Residuals in the Distribution System, diciembre de 2010.

E. Edgington. Randomization Test, Third Edition, Revised and expanded, ISBN 9780824796693. Ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1995.

S. Jayanti. Hydrodynamics of jet mixing in vessel , Journal Chemical Engineering Science, ISSN 0009–2509, 56(1), 193–210 (2001).

J. Rojas, A. Ruiz. Determinación y evaluación de las constantes de decaimiento de cloro libre y formación de trihalometanos en la red del sistema Nápoles - Ciudad Jardín, Tesis de Pregrado. Universidad del Valle. Colombia, 2008.

P. Yu-Hung Chuo. An investigation of a modelling system for assessing the impact of stratification on mixing in drinking water service reservoirs, Tesis Doctoral. University of New South Wales, 2003.

V. Gauthier, M. Besner, B. Barbeau, R. Millette, M. Prévost. Storage tank management to improve drinking water quality: case study, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ISSN 0733–9496, 126(4), 221–228 (2000).

J. Ecuru, J. Okot-Okumu, T. Okurut. Monitoring residual chlorine decay and coliform contamination in water distribution network of Kampala, Uganda, Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, ISSN 1119-8362, 15(1), 167–173 (2010).

Downloads

Published

2012-06-14

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 15 (2012)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

 

How to Cite

Montoya, C., Cruz, C. H., Torres, P., Laín, S., & Escobar, J. C. (2012). Evaluation of mixing conditions and its influence over free residual. Ingeniería Y Ciencia, 8(15), 9-30. https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.8.15.1

Most read articles by the same author(s)