Between fossil fuels and new technologies: the energy dilemma in the future

Abstract

The energy transition is not just a technological shift, but also a cultural, political, and geological transformation that is just beginning. In Colombia, two narratives are clashing: one that prioritizes the climate emergency and another that emphasizes the country's energy and fiscal security. In any case, we must recognize that there is no completely "clean" energy, since each alternative to fossil fuels entails its own set of environmental impacts and material limitations that must be evaluated with scientific rigor and sustainability criteria.