Richard Clough Anderson, la Mancomunidad de Kentucky y el problema de la esclavitud en la causa patriótica hispanoamericana
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Richard Clough Anderson fue el primer ministro plenipotenciario de los Estados Unidos en Colombia. Era originario de Kentucky, un Estado incorporado a la Unión Americana en 1792 que puede haber sido el primero en apoyar públicamente el movimiento independentista contra España. Siguiendo la pista de Kentucky a través de la vida de Anderson, este artículo sitúa históricamente la aparente precocidad política de ese Estado a la luz de las complejidades y contradicciones que caracterizaban a los Estados Unidos durante la república temprana: la práctica de la esclavitud, la ideología de la libertad, la ocupación de la frontera del Oeste, el despegue económico y las formas complejas de identificación política. El apoyo de Kentucky a la causa patriótica hispanoamericana surgió en medio de cálculos específicos sobre las limitaciones y el potencial económico de esa mancomunidad, una sociedad esclavista parcialmente truncada debido a su ubicación geográfica y su configuración social.
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Referências
Anderson, Edward Lowell (1879). Soldier and pioneer: A biographical sketch of Lt.-Col. Richard Clough Anderson. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Anderson, Kitty (1919). “Soldier’s Retreat: A Historical House and its Famous People”. En: The Register of Kentucky State Historical Society. Vol. 17, No. 51, pp. 65-77.
Blanchard, Peter (2008). Under the Flags of Freedom: Slave Soldiers and the Wars of Independence in Spanish South America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Brown, Matthew - Gabriel Paquette (eds.) (2012). Connections after Colo-nialism: Europe and Latin America in the 1820s. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press.
Ferrer, Ada (2012). “Haiti, Free Soil, and Anti-Slavery in the Revolutio-nary Atlantic”. En: American Historical Review. Vol. 117, No. 1 (Feb.), pp. 40-66.
Fitz, Caitlin (2016). Our Sister Republics: The United States in an Age of American Revolutions. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Gutiérrez Ardila, Daniel (2010). Un Nuevo Reino. Geografía política, pac-tismo y diplomacia durante el interregno en Nueva Granada (1808-1816). Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Gutiérrez Ardila, Daniel (2012). El reconocimiento de Colombia. Diplomacia y propaganda en la coyuntura de las Restauraciones (1819-1831). Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Hardin, Billi J. (1966). “Amos Kendall and the 1824 Relief Controversy”. En: The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. Vol. 64, No. 3 (julio), pp. 196-208.
Head, David (2015). Privateers of the Americas: Spanish American Priva-teering from the United States in the Early Republic. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Holberg, James J. (2001). “Anderson, Richard Clough” y “Anderson, Ri-chard Clough, Jr.”. En: The Encyclopedia of Louisville. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, pp. 36-37.
Horne, Gerald (2007). The Deepest South: The United States, Brazil, and the African Slave Trade. New York: New York University Press.
Lynch, John (2007). Simón Bolívar: A Life. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mathias, Frank F. (1973). “The Relief and Court Struggle: Half-Way Hou-se to Populism”. En: The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. Vol. 71, No. 2 (julio 1966), pp. 154-176.
Mejía, Sergio (2007). La revolución en letras: la historia de la Revolución de Colombia de José Manuel Restrepo (1781-1863). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Morgan, Edmund S. (1975). American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Ramage, James A. - Andrea S. Watkins (2011). Kentucky Rising: Democra-cy, Slavery, and Culture from the Early Republic to the Civil War. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Restrepo, José Manuel (2009). Historia de la Revolución de la República de Colombia en la América Meridional, 1ra. ed. 1827. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia.
Rohrbough, Malcolm J. (2009). Trans-Appalachian Frontier: People, Socie-ties, and Institutions, 1775-1850. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Rubenstein, Asa Lee (1986). Richard Clough Anderson, Nathaniel Massie, and the Impact of Government on Western Land Speculation and Settlement, 1774-1830. Disertación doctoral, University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham-paign.
Stickles, Arndt (1940). Simon Bolivar Buckner: Borderland Knight. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Taylor, Alan (2002). American Colonies: The Settling of North America. New York: Penguin.
Tischendorf, Alfred - E. Taylor Parks (eds.) (1964). The Diary and Jour-nal of Richard Clough Anderson, Jr. 1814-1826. Durham: Duke University Press.
Tocqueville, Alexis de (2012). Democracy in America 1ra. ed. 1835. India-napolis: Liberty Fund, vol. 1.
[US Government] (1926). Statue of Henry Clay. Hearings before the Com-mittee on Foreign Affairs. House of Representatives. Sixty-Ninth Congress on H.R. 11278 A bill to Authorize the Erection of a Statue of Henry Clay. Washington: Government Printing Office.
Ward, Harry M. (2011). “Richard Clough Anderson”. En: For Virginia and for Independence: Twenty-Eight Revolutionary War Soldiers from the Old Do-minion. Jefferson: McFarland & Company.
Anderson, Kitty (1919). “Soldier’s Retreat: A Historical House and its Famous People”. En: The Register of Kentucky State Historical Society. Vol. 17, No. 51, pp. 65-77.
Blanchard, Peter (2008). Under the Flags of Freedom: Slave Soldiers and the Wars of Independence in Spanish South America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Brown, Matthew - Gabriel Paquette (eds.) (2012). Connections after Colo-nialism: Europe and Latin America in the 1820s. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press.
Ferrer, Ada (2012). “Haiti, Free Soil, and Anti-Slavery in the Revolutio-nary Atlantic”. En: American Historical Review. Vol. 117, No. 1 (Feb.), pp. 40-66.
Fitz, Caitlin (2016). Our Sister Republics: The United States in an Age of American Revolutions. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Gutiérrez Ardila, Daniel (2010). Un Nuevo Reino. Geografía política, pac-tismo y diplomacia durante el interregno en Nueva Granada (1808-1816). Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Gutiérrez Ardila, Daniel (2012). El reconocimiento de Colombia. Diplomacia y propaganda en la coyuntura de las Restauraciones (1819-1831). Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia.
Hardin, Billi J. (1966). “Amos Kendall and the 1824 Relief Controversy”. En: The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. Vol. 64, No. 3 (julio), pp. 196-208.
Head, David (2015). Privateers of the Americas: Spanish American Priva-teering from the United States in the Early Republic. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Holberg, James J. (2001). “Anderson, Richard Clough” y “Anderson, Ri-chard Clough, Jr.”. En: The Encyclopedia of Louisville. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, pp. 36-37.
Horne, Gerald (2007). The Deepest South: The United States, Brazil, and the African Slave Trade. New York: New York University Press.
Lynch, John (2007). Simón Bolívar: A Life. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mathias, Frank F. (1973). “The Relief and Court Struggle: Half-Way Hou-se to Populism”. En: The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. Vol. 71, No. 2 (julio 1966), pp. 154-176.
Mejía, Sergio (2007). La revolución en letras: la historia de la Revolución de Colombia de José Manuel Restrepo (1781-1863). Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Morgan, Edmund S. (1975). American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Ramage, James A. - Andrea S. Watkins (2011). Kentucky Rising: Democra-cy, Slavery, and Culture from the Early Republic to the Civil War. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
Restrepo, José Manuel (2009). Historia de la Revolución de la República de Colombia en la América Meridional, 1ra. ed. 1827. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia.
Rohrbough, Malcolm J. (2009). Trans-Appalachian Frontier: People, Socie-ties, and Institutions, 1775-1850. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Rubenstein, Asa Lee (1986). Richard Clough Anderson, Nathaniel Massie, and the Impact of Government on Western Land Speculation and Settlement, 1774-1830. Disertación doctoral, University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham-paign.
Stickles, Arndt (1940). Simon Bolivar Buckner: Borderland Knight. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Taylor, Alan (2002). American Colonies: The Settling of North America. New York: Penguin.
Tischendorf, Alfred - E. Taylor Parks (eds.) (1964). The Diary and Jour-nal of Richard Clough Anderson, Jr. 1814-1826. Durham: Duke University Press.
Tocqueville, Alexis de (2012). Democracy in America 1ra. ed. 1835. India-napolis: Liberty Fund, vol. 1.
[US Government] (1926). Statue of Henry Clay. Hearings before the Com-mittee on Foreign Affairs. House of Representatives. Sixty-Ninth Congress on H.R. 11278 A bill to Authorize the Erection of a Statue of Henry Clay. Washington: Government Printing Office.
Ward, Harry M. (2011). “Richard Clough Anderson”. En: For Virginia and for Independence: Twenty-Eight Revolutionary War Soldiers from the Old Do-minion. Jefferson: McFarland & Company.
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Publicado
Dez 13, 2016
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Como Citar
Pérez Morales, E. (2016). Richard Clough Anderson, la Mancomunidad de Kentucky y el problema de la esclavitud en la causa patriótica hispanoamericana. Co-Herencia, 13(25), 167–195. https://doi.org/10.17230/co-herencia.13.25.6
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