Evaluation Radioelectric Spectrum Occupancy in Bogota-Colombia.
Main Article Content
Keywords
cognitive radio, duty cycle, radioelectric spectrum measurement, radioelectric spectrum use and wireless technologies.
Abstract
This paper describes the details and results of a spectrum occupancy measurement campaign, which took place in Bogota (Colombia) from March to December 2012. The study includes the analysis of occupation of frequency bands ranging from 54 MHz to 6 GHz. Measurements are sorted according to different bands and services, to provide a clear vision into the typical duty cycles associated to different technologies. Results suggest that the use of the current spectrum is still very low, even in a dense urban area.
PACS: 84.40.Ua, 89.70.-a, 41.20.Jb
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] F. H. Sanders, B. J. Ramsey, and V. S. Lawrence, “Broadband spectrumsurvey at Los Angeles, California,” Dept. of Commerce National Telecommunicationsand Information Administration USA, pp. 1–105, 1997. 195
[2] F. H. Sanders, “Broadband spectrum surveys in Denver, CO, San Diego,CA, and Los Angeles, CA: methodology, analysis, and comparative results,”Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC 1998), vol. 2, pp. 988–993, 1998. 195
[3] J. Do, D. M. Akos, and P. K. Enge, “L and S bands spectrum survey in theSan Francisco bay area,” Proc. Position Location and Navigation Symposium(PLANS 2004), pp. 566–572, 2004. 195
[4] M. Biggs, A. Henley, and T. Clarkson, “Occupancy analysis of the 2.4 GHzISM band,” IEE Proceedings - Communications, vol. 151, no. 5, pp. 481–488,2004. 195
[5] S. S. Company(SSC), “Spectrum occupancy measurements,” SSC reports,2004. [Online]. Available: http://www.sharedspectrum.com/measurements195
[6] A. Petrin and P. G. Steffes, “Analysis and comparison of spectrum measurementsperformed in urban and rural areas to determine the total amount ofspectrum usage,” Proc. International Symposium on Advanced Radio Technologies(ISART 2005), pp. 9–12, 2005. 195
[7] S. W. Ellingson, “Spectral occupancy at VHF: implications for frequencyagilecognitive radios,” Proc. IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference(VTC 2005 Fall), vol. 2, pp. 1379–1382, 2008. 195
[8] M. A. McHenry, P. A. Tenhula, D. McCloskey, D. A. Roberson, and C. S.Hood, “Chicago spectrum occupancy measurements & analysis and a longtermstudies proposal,” Proceedings of the first international workshop onTechnology and policy for accessing spectrum, Boston, Massachusetts, 2006.195
[9] D. A. Roberson, C. S. Hood, J. L. LoCicero, and J. T. MacDonald, “Spectraloccupancy and interference studies in support of cognitive radio technologydeployment,” Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Workshop on Networking Technologies for Software Defined Radio Networks (SDR™06), pp. 26–35, 2006.195
[10] S. D. Jones, E. Jung, X. Liu, N. Merheb, and I. J. Wang, “Characterizationof spectrum activities in the U.S. public safety band for opportunistic spectrumaccess,” Proc. 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiersin Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN 2007), pp. 137–146, 2007.195
[11] M. Wellens, J. Wu, and P. Mahonen, “Evaluation of spectrum occupancy inindoor and outdoor scenario in the context of cognitive radio,” Proc. of InternationalConference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks andCommunications (CROWNCOM), Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 420–427, 2007.195
[12] V. Blaschke, H. Jakel, T. Renk, C. Klock, and F. K. Jondral, “Occupationmeasurements supporting dynamic spectrum allocation for cognitive radiodesign,” Proc. of International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented WirelessNetworks and Communications (CROWNCOM), Orlando, FL, USA,pp. 50–57, 2007. 195
[13] J. Mitola, “Cognitive radio: an integrated agent architecture for softwaredefined radio,” Ph.D. Thesis, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), 2000.195
[14] S. Haykin, “Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications,”IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201–220, 2005. 195
[15] M. Wellens, A. D. Baynast, and P. Mahonen, “Exploiting historical spectrumoccupancy information for adaptive spectrum sensing,” IEEE Wireless Communicationand Networking Conference (WCNC), no. 2, pp. 717–722, 2008.195
[16] M. H. e. a. Islam, “Spectrum Survey in Singapore: Occupancy Measurementsand Analyses,” Proc. 3rd International Conference on Cognitive RadioOriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom 2008), pp. 1–7, 2008. 195
[17] D. Chen, S. Yin, Q. Zhang, M. Liu, and S. Li, “Mining spectrum usage data: alarge-scale spectrum measurement study,” Proceedings of the 15th annual internationalconference on Mobile computing and networking, Beijing, China,2009. 195
[18] K. Patil, K. Skouby, A. Chandra, and R. Prasad, “Spectrum occupancy statisticsin the context of cognitive radio,” 14th International Symposium onWireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), pp. 1–5, 2011. 195
[19] M. Wellens and P. Mahonen, “Lessons learned from an extensive spectrumoccupancy measurement campaign and a stochastic duty cycle model,” MobileNetworks and Applications, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 461–474, 2010. 196
[20] M. Lopez and F. Casadevall, “Methodological aspects of spectrum occupancyevaluation in the context of cognitive radio,” European Transactions on Telecommunications,vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 680–693, 2010. 196, 197, 199, 201
[21] M. T. R. de Colombia, “Cuadro Nacional de Atribución de Bandas de Frecuencias,”2010. 196
[22] ITU, “UIT-R SM.1880. Spectrum Occupancy Measurement Technical Report,”International Telecommunications Union, 2011. 196
[23] F. Digham, M. S. Alouini, and M. Simon, “On the Energy Detection ofUnknown Signals Over Fading Channels,” IEEE Transactions on Communications,vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 21–24, 2007. 200
[24] R. Ferro, L. Pedraza, and C. Hernandez, “Maximización del Throughputen una red de radio cognitiva basado en la probabilidad de falsa alarma,”Tecnura, vol. 15, no. 30, pp. 64–70, 2011. 200
[2] F. H. Sanders, “Broadband spectrum surveys in Denver, CO, San Diego,CA, and Los Angeles, CA: methodology, analysis, and comparative results,”Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC 1998), vol. 2, pp. 988–993, 1998. 195
[3] J. Do, D. M. Akos, and P. K. Enge, “L and S bands spectrum survey in theSan Francisco bay area,” Proc. Position Location and Navigation Symposium(PLANS 2004), pp. 566–572, 2004. 195
[4] M. Biggs, A. Henley, and T. Clarkson, “Occupancy analysis of the 2.4 GHzISM band,” IEE Proceedings - Communications, vol. 151, no. 5, pp. 481–488,2004. 195
[5] S. S. Company(SSC), “Spectrum occupancy measurements,” SSC reports,2004. [Online]. Available: http://www.sharedspectrum.com/measurements195
[6] A. Petrin and P. G. Steffes, “Analysis and comparison of spectrum measurementsperformed in urban and rural areas to determine the total amount ofspectrum usage,” Proc. International Symposium on Advanced Radio Technologies(ISART 2005), pp. 9–12, 2005. 195
[7] S. W. Ellingson, “Spectral occupancy at VHF: implications for frequencyagilecognitive radios,” Proc. IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference(VTC 2005 Fall), vol. 2, pp. 1379–1382, 2008. 195
[8] M. A. McHenry, P. A. Tenhula, D. McCloskey, D. A. Roberson, and C. S.Hood, “Chicago spectrum occupancy measurements & analysis and a longtermstudies proposal,” Proceedings of the first international workshop onTechnology and policy for accessing spectrum, Boston, Massachusetts, 2006.195
[9] D. A. Roberson, C. S. Hood, J. L. LoCicero, and J. T. MacDonald, “Spectraloccupancy and interference studies in support of cognitive radio technologydeployment,” Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Workshop on Networking Technologies for Software Defined Radio Networks (SDR™06), pp. 26–35, 2006.195
[10] S. D. Jones, E. Jung, X. Liu, N. Merheb, and I. J. Wang, “Characterizationof spectrum activities in the U.S. public safety band for opportunistic spectrumaccess,” Proc. 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiersin Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN 2007), pp. 137–146, 2007.195
[11] M. Wellens, J. Wu, and P. Mahonen, “Evaluation of spectrum occupancy inindoor and outdoor scenario in the context of cognitive radio,” Proc. of InternationalConference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks andCommunications (CROWNCOM), Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 420–427, 2007.195
[12] V. Blaschke, H. Jakel, T. Renk, C. Klock, and F. K. Jondral, “Occupationmeasurements supporting dynamic spectrum allocation for cognitive radiodesign,” Proc. of International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented WirelessNetworks and Communications (CROWNCOM), Orlando, FL, USA,pp. 50–57, 2007. 195
[13] J. Mitola, “Cognitive radio: an integrated agent architecture for softwaredefined radio,” Ph.D. Thesis, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), 2000.195
[14] S. Haykin, “Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications,”IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201–220, 2005. 195
[15] M. Wellens, A. D. Baynast, and P. Mahonen, “Exploiting historical spectrumoccupancy information for adaptive spectrum sensing,” IEEE Wireless Communicationand Networking Conference (WCNC), no. 2, pp. 717–722, 2008.195
[16] M. H. e. a. Islam, “Spectrum Survey in Singapore: Occupancy Measurementsand Analyses,” Proc. 3rd International Conference on Cognitive RadioOriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom 2008), pp. 1–7, 2008. 195
[17] D. Chen, S. Yin, Q. Zhang, M. Liu, and S. Li, “Mining spectrum usage data: alarge-scale spectrum measurement study,” Proceedings of the 15th annual internationalconference on Mobile computing and networking, Beijing, China,2009. 195
[18] K. Patil, K. Skouby, A. Chandra, and R. Prasad, “Spectrum occupancy statisticsin the context of cognitive radio,” 14th International Symposium onWireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), pp. 1–5, 2011. 195
[19] M. Wellens and P. Mahonen, “Lessons learned from an extensive spectrumoccupancy measurement campaign and a stochastic duty cycle model,” MobileNetworks and Applications, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 461–474, 2010. 196
[20] M. Lopez and F. Casadevall, “Methodological aspects of spectrum occupancyevaluation in the context of cognitive radio,” European Transactions on Telecommunications,vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 680–693, 2010. 196, 197, 199, 201
[21] M. T. R. de Colombia, “Cuadro Nacional de Atribución de Bandas de Frecuencias,”2010. 196
[22] ITU, “UIT-R SM.1880. Spectrum Occupancy Measurement Technical Report,”International Telecommunications Union, 2011. 196
[23] F. Digham, M. S. Alouini, and M. Simon, “On the Energy Detection ofUnknown Signals Over Fading Channels,” IEEE Transactions on Communications,vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 21–24, 2007. 200
[24] R. Ferro, L. Pedraza, and C. Hernandez, “Maximización del Throughputen una red de radio cognitiva basado en la probabilidad de falsa alarma,”Tecnura, vol. 15, no. 30, pp. 64–70, 2011. 200