A Modeling Approach for Lahar Hazard Assessment: the Case of Tamasagra Sector in the City of Pasto, Colombia
Main Article Content
Keywords
Two phase flows, deep averaged model, lahars, mud flows, lahar flow hazard, hazard assessment
Abstract
The computational program Titan2F, a two phase flow modeling program, is used to model several hypothetical scenarios of volcanic origin mud flows (lahars) in order to estimate the spacial and temporary evolution of this potentially destructive natural phenomena at its entrance of the city of Pasto, Colombia through the Mijitayo river basin. The predictions of the program suggest that extremely high and destructive dynamic pressures at the entrance to the city can be expected. In addition, our simulations show that half of the Tamasagra and El Bosque neighbors can be inundated with lahar depths of about 1 meter thickness. The program shows to be capable to deal with the modeling of the effect of the streets and buildings on the flow behavior, showing how the streets channelizes the flow governing the path of it. In addition, our results allow to identify regions where the flow loss most of its energy, where mitigation of risk can be suggested.
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References
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[7] L. Caballero and L. Capra, “The use of FLO2D numerical code in lahar hazard evaluation at Popocatépetl volcano: a 2001-lahar scenario,” Nat. Hazards earth Syst. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 4581–4608, 2014. [Online]. Available:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-3345-2014
[8] G. Córdoba, G. Villarosa, M. F. Sheridan, J. G. Viramonte, D. Beigt, and G. Salmuni, “Secondary lahar hazard assessment for villa la angostura, argentina, using two-phase-titan modelling code during 2011 cordón caulle eruption,” Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 757–766, 2015. [Online]. Available:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-757-2015
[9] Alcaldía de Pasto, “Estadísticas-municipio de pasto,” 2014, población Pasto por Comunas. 55, 58
[10] G. Smith and W. Fritz, “Volcanic influences on terrestrial sedimentation,” Geology, vol. 97, no. 4, 1989. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0375:VIOTS>2.3.CO;2
[11] E. Doyle, S. Cronin, and J.-C. Thouret, “Defining conditions for bulking and debulking in lahars,” Geological Sosiety of America Bulletin, vol. 123, no. 7-8, pp. 1234–1246, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30227.1
[12] J. Beverage and J. Culbertson, “Hyperconcentrations of suspended sediment,” ASCE Journal of Hydraulics, vol. 90, pp. 117–126, 1964.
[13] T. Pierson and K. Scott, “Downstream dilution of a lahar: transition from debris flow to hyperconcentrated streamflow,” Water Resources Research, vol. 21, pp. 1511–1524, 1985. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i010p01511
[14] R. Iverson, M. Logan, R. Lahusen, and M. Berti, “The perfect debris flow? aggregated results from 28 large-scale experiments,” Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 115, 07 2010. [Online]. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001514
[15] J. Vallance and R. Iverson, The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Elsevier, 2015, ch. Lahars and their deposits.
[16] V. Chow, Open channel hydraulics. New York: McGraw Hill, 1959.
[17] S. Savage and K. Hutter, “The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline,” J. of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 199, pp. 177–215, 1989. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112089000340
[18] A. Patra, A. Bauer, C. Nichita, E. Pitman, M. Sheridan, M. Bursik, B. Rupp, A. Webber, A. Stinton, L. Namikawa, and C. Renschler, “Parallel adaptive numerical simulation of dry avalanches over natural terrain,” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 1 – 21, 2005, modeling and Simulation of Geophysical Mass Flows. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.06.014
[19] Y. Forterre and O. Poulinquen, “Flows of dense granular media,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 40, pp. 1–24, 2008.
[20] R. Iverson, “Debris flows: behaviour and hazard assessment,” Geology Today, vol. 30, pp. 15–21, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12037
[21] G. Córdoba, M. F. Sheridan, and B. Pitman, “Titan2F code for lahar hazard assessment: derivation, validation and verification,” Boletin de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 70, pp. 611–631, 2018.
[22] T. Anderson and R. Jackson, “A fluid mechanical description of fluidized beds: Equations of motion,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., vol. 6, pp. 527–539, 1967.
[23] F. Dobran, Theory of Structured Multiphase Mixtures, ser. Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer-Verlag, 1991, no. 372.
[24] L. Mazzei and P. Lettieri, “A drag force closure for uniformly dispersed fluidized suspensions,” Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 62, pp. 6129–6142, 2007. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.06.028
[25] A. Khan and J. Richardson, “Fluid-particle interactions and flow characteristics of fluidized and settling beds ans settling suspensions of spherical particles,” Chemical Engineering Communications, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 111–
130, 1989. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/00986448908940189
[26] L. Fan and C. Zhu, Principles os Gas-Solid Flows. Cambridge CB2 2RU: Cambridge, 1998.
[27] G. Valentine, “Damage to structures by pyroclastic flows and surges, inferred from nuclear weapons effects,” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 87, pp. 117–140, 1998. [Online]. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00094-8
[28] G. Valentine, D. Doronzo, P. Dellino, , and M. Tullio, “Effects of volcano profile on dilute pyroclastic density currents: numerical simulations,” Geology, vol. 39, pp. 947–950, 2011.
[29] N. Jones, “Damage of plates due to impact, dynamic pressure and explosive loads,” Lat. Am. J. Solids Stru., vol. 10, pp. 767–780, 2012.
[30] D. Moriano, P. Paredes, G. Cordoba, and H. Delgado, “Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de edificaciones ante la génesis de lahares: Caso de estudio en la población de santiago xalitzintla, en el flanco ne del volcán popocatépetl (méxico),” Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 69, pp. 223–241, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2017v69n2a11
[31] G. Córdoba, M. Sheridan, and B. Pitman, “A two-phase, depth-averaged model for geophysical mass flows in the TITAN code framework,” in 28th Conference on Mathematical Geophysics. Pissa, Italy: CMG-IUGG, June 2010, http://cmg2010.pi.ingv.it/Abstract/index.html.
[32] M. Sheridan, G. Córdoba, E. Pitman, S. Cronin, and J. Procter, “Application of a wide-ranging two-phase debris flow model to the 2007 crater lake breakout lahar at Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand,” in Fall Meeting, vol. Abstract V53E-2691. American Geophysical Union, 2011.
[33] G. Córdoba, J. Viramonte, A. Folch, H. Delgado, M. Sheridan, and G. Villarosa, “Evaluating the lahar hazard at Villa la Angostura, Argentina, elated to ash-fall from Puyehue volcano 2011 eruption interlayered with snow deposits using the new Two-Phase-Titan,” in American Geophysical Union, vol. Abstract V43A-05, Cancún, México, June 2013.
[34] D. Rodriguez, G. Cordoba, and H. Delgado, “Evaluación probabilística del peligro por lahares en el flanco ne del volcán popocatépetl,” Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 69, pp. 243–260, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2017v69n1a12
[35] J. S. Systems, PALSAR User’s Guide, 2nd Edition. J-spacesystems, November 2012, 69 pp. 58
[36] M. Brown, “Vulnerability assessment for the Mijitayo creek water treatment facility; pasto, colmbia,” Master Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA, 2010, department of Geological Sciences.
[37] C. Narváez and N. Rosero, “Modelamiento del control topográfico ejercido por el Valle de Atriz sobre los flujos de lodo provenientes de la quebrada Mijitayo,” Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia, Trabajo de Grado, 2005, Facultad de Ingeniería.
[38] E. R. Stefanescu, M. Bursik, G. Cordoba, K. Dalbey, M. D. Jones, A. K. Patra, D. C. Pieri, E. B. Pitman, and M. F. Sheridan, “Digital elevation model uncertainty and hazard analysis using a geophysical flow model,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 468, no. 2142, pp. 1543–1563, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0711
[39] M. Neteler and H. Mitasova, Open source GIS, a GRASS GIS approach. NY: Springer, 2008, 406 pp. 60
[40] M. Calvache, G. Cortés, and S. Williams, “Stratigraphy and chronology of the galeras volcanic complex, colombia,” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 5 – 19, 1997, galeras Volcano,
Colombia: Interdisciplinary Study of a Decade Volcano. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(96)00083-2
[41] Ingeominas, “Mapa de unidades geológicas sperficiales de la ciudad de San Juán de Pasto y sus alrededores,” 2002, ca. 1:10.000.
[42] M. Calvache, “Geology and volcanology of the recent evolution of Galeras volcano, Colombia,” Master of Science, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA, 1990. 63
[43] Servicio Geológico Colombiano, “Mapa Geomorfológico aplicado a Movimientos en Masa: Plancha 429 Pasto,” 2015, ca. 1:100.000.
[44] Servicio Geológico Colombiano, “Memoria explicativa mapa geomorfológico aplicado a movimientos en
masa,” Bogotá, Colombia, Abril 2015, convenio de Cooperación Especial 039 de 2013. 63
[45] IDEAM, “Curvas Intensidad Duración Frecuencia-IDF: Estación Obonuco-Pasto,” Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales, Colombia, 2016, código 5204501.
[46] K. Dalbey, A. Patra, E. Pitman, M. Bursik, and M. Sheridan, “Input uncertainty propagation methods and hazard mapping of geophysical mass flows,” Journal og geophysical research, vol. 113, 2008. [Online]. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004471
[47] M. Sheridan, A. Patra, K. Dalbey, and B. Hubbard, “Probabilistic digital hazard maps for avalanches and massive pyroclastic flows using TITAN2D,” The Geological Society of America, vol. Special Paper 464, p. 11 pp, 2010.
[48] L. Berga and J. Dolz, “Avenidas en ríos; evaluación y sistemas de previsión y alarma,” in Riesgos naturales en ingeniería civil. Barcelona: UPC Edicions, 1986, pp. 179–187, in Spanish.
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Published
Nov 29, 2019
Article Details
How to Cite
Guerrero, A., Criollo, R. A., Cordoba, G. A., & Rodríguez, D. (2019). A Modeling Approach for Lahar Hazard Assessment: the Case of Tamasagra Sector in the City of Pasto, Colombia. Ingeniería Y Ciencia, 15(30), 7–31. https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.15.30.1
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Supporting Agencies
Universidad de Nariño, Ceyba-Gobernacion de Nariño
Author Biographies
Alejandra Guerrero, Universidad de Nariño
Ingeniera de sistemas
Ruby Alicia Criollo, Universidad de Nariño
Ph.D. en Ciencias del medio ambiente.
Gustavo A Cordoba, Universidad de Nariño
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería.
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