Receptores GABAA (ácido γ-aminobutírico) y su relación con la dependencia al alcohol
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Keywords
alcohol dependence syndrome, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, reinforcement, rewards, inhibition, hyperexcitation.
Abstract
The alcohol dependence syndrome is a multifactorial, enviromental, cultural, social, and genetic dissease. The investigations are countless that have tried to elucidate the possible neurobiologic mechanisms of this syndrome to understand the individual’s physiologic and behavioral changes, in such way that it can be offered pharmacological alternatives that help to control this type of dependence. This revision describes the neurotransmisi´on’s paper involved in the dependence syndrome to the alcohol, mainly the related with the glutamato, the dopamina, the opioides and especially the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), because the activation of GABAA receptor (channel of chlorine receptor ) it unchains an inhibitory effect at level neuronal, in alcoholic people the activation causes hypofunction which does not allow to modulate recurrent excitement, getting as result a no-inhibition/hyperexcitation state very common in alcoholics. By other hand, the genes that code for the subunidades of the GABAA receptors located in the chromosomes 4 and 15 has been associated with alcoholism, as finding strong relationships among the disequilibrium of union between these genes and the fenotipo of the waves β in the electroencephalograms of the individuals with the alcohol dependence syndrome and their descendants. According to the investigations in the topic, finally we propose the possible vias and their
control mechanisms implied in the alcohol dependence syndrome.
PACS: 87.19.L-
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