Development and Evaluation of a LightWeight Electronic Device for the Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vertical Coupled to a Captive Metorological Globe
Main Article Content
Keywords
Atmospheric instrumentation, miniaturized gas sampling, tethered balloon measurements, volatile organic compounds, photochemical age, ozone, Mexico City
Abstract
An understanding of the vertical profile of the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in polluted urban areas can help to better understand the impact of these compounds on air quality and in the development of better control strategies. To facilitate these types of measurements and they have the necessary reliability, a programmable, lightweight and lowcost VOCs miniaturized sampling device was designed and integrated, that allows to anchor several of them at different heights in the string of a captive instrumented meteorological balloon and also a start/stop control of the samplers that can be operated from the ground. Simultaneous sampling ensures that the vertical profile of the captured VOCs, represents with better certainty the expected differences in the concentration of these compounds due to the influence of the urban canopy layer and urban activity. Each sampling device consists of an electronic circuit that receives the start or stop signal of the air suction mini-pump from a master control system that is on the surface and that allows radio frequency operation. The capture of VOCs is carried out by packed cartridges with an appropriated adsorbent medium for this purpose. The feasibility of the miniaturized system was demonstrated in a short sampling campaign at the levels 0 m, 50 m, and 100 m above ground at a site southwest of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City during April 2017. The profiles of the determined VOCs concentrations were compared with previous records obtained at the surface level and in vertical profiles using less dynamic sampling methods, demonstrating the benefit of knowing the concentration at different heights in the interpretation of atmospheric chemistry associated with these profiles.
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References
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P. Daum, L. Kleinman, D. Imre, L. Nunnermacker, Y.-N. Lee, S. Springston, L. Newman, J. Weinstein-Lloyd, R. Valente, R. Imhoff et al., “Analysis of o3 formation during a stagnation episode in central tennessee in summer 1995,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 105, no. D7, pp. 9107–9119, 2000. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900350
C.-C. Lin, C. Lin, L.-T. Hsieh, C.-Y. Chen, and J.-P. Wang, “Vertical and diurnal characterization of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in urban areas,” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 714–720, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.61.7.714
C.-C. Chang, J.-L. Wang, C.-Y. Chang, M.-C. Liang, and M.-R. Lin, “Development of a multicopter-carried whole air sampling apparatus and its applications in environmental studies,” Chemosphere, vol. 144, pp. 484–492, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.028
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T. Herbert, Circuitos Digitales y microprocesadores. Editorial Mc. Graw- Hill. Madrid, 1983.
M. Penuelas Rivas, Programacion avanzada de microcontroladores PIC. Facultad de Ingenieria, UNAM, 2009.
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D. International, “Xbee pro 900 embedded rf modules datasheet,” 2008.
R. J. Tocci and N. S. Widmer, Sistemas digitales principios y aplicaciones. Pearson Educacion, 2003.
S. Ag, “Siemens transistors data book 1980-81,” Tech. Rep., 1980.
G. Denver, “Rc-material,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.gd-thomas.com/en/downloads/technical-library
“Rc-material,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.rcmaterial.com
U. S. E. P. Agency, “Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Second Edition Compendium Method TO-17 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling Onto Sorbent Tubes,” no. January, 1999.
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W. Gutierrez, M. Garcia, V. O. Magaña, and J. A. Escalante, “Diseno y construccion de un globo meteorologico cautivo instrumentado,” Ingenieria y ciencia, no. 5, pp. 29–42, 2007.
“El ozono y la calidad del aire. secretaria del medio ambiente. gobierno de la ciudad de mexico,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/gQmhJU
K. M. Wagstrom and S. N. Pandis, “Determination of the age distribution of primary and secondary aerosol species using a chemical transport model,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 114, no. D14, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011784
C. Warneke, J. A. De Gouw, P. M. Edwards, J. S. Holloway, J. B. Gilman, W. C. Kuster, M. Graus, E. Atlas, D. Blake, D. R. Gentner et al., “Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds in the los angeles basin: Weekday-weekend effect,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 118, no. 10, pp. 5018–5028, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50423
A. I. Skorokhod, E. V. Berezina, K. B. Moiseenko, N. F. Elansky, and I. B. Belikov, “Benzene and toluene in the surface air of northern eurasia from troica-12 campaign along the trans-siberian railway,” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 5501–5514, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5501-2017
M. Semadeni, D. W. Stocker, and J. A. Kerr, “The temperature dependence of the oh radical reactions with some aromatic compounds under simulated tropospheric conditions,” International journal of chemical kinetics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 287–304, 1995. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.550270307
J. M. Roberts, F. C. Fehsenfeld, S. C. Liu, M. J. Bollinger, C. Hahn, D. L. Albritton, and R. E. Sievers, “Measurements of aromatic hydrocarbon ratios and nox concentrations in the rural troposphere: Observation of air mass photochemical aging and nox removal,” Atmospheric Environment (1967), vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2421–2432, 1984.
E. Apel, L. Emmons, T. Karl, F. Flocke, A. Hills, S. Madronich, J. Lee-Taylor, A. Fried, P. Weibring, J. Walega et al., “Chemical evolution of volatile organic compounds in the outflow of the mexico city metropolitan area,” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 2353–2375, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-24085-2009
J. P. Garzon, J. I. Huertas, M. Magana, M. E. Huertas, B. Cardenas, T. Watanabe, T. Maeda, S. Wakamatsu, and S. Blanco, “Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of mexico city,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 119, pp. 415–429, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.014
J. Zheng, M. Shao, W. Che, L. Zhang, L. Zhong, Y. Zhang, and D. Streets, “Speciated voc emission inventory and spatial patterns of ozone formation potential in the pearl river delta, china,” Environmental science & technology, vol. 43, no. 22, pp. 8580–8586, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/es901688e
W. P. Carter, “Updated maximum incremental reactivity scale and hydrocarbon bin reactivities for regulatory applications,” California Air Resources Board Contract, pp. 07–339, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1.1.480.5788
W. P. Carter, “Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds,” Air & waste, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 881–899, 1994. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000000730
“Sistema de monitoreo atmosferico,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/rYBfuM
G. V. S. C. G. B. Magana Reyes M, Hernendez Flores AL, “Evaluacion de compuestos organicos volatiles en la zona metropolitana del valle de mexico. instituto nacional de ecologia y cambio climatico,” INECC, vol. 52, no. 5000, pp. 1–74, 2015.
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Published
Nov 23, 2018
Article Details
How to Cite
Solano Murillo, M., Gutiérrez López, W., García Espinosa, M., & Torres Jardón, R. (2018). Development and Evaluation of a LightWeight Electronic Device for the Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vertical Coupled to a Captive Metorological Globe. Ingeniería Y Ciencia, 14(28), 135–167. https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.14.28.6
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Articles
Supporting Agencies
Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Author Biographies
M Solano Murillo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Doctoral student in the area of Atmospheric Physicochemistry at the Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera.
W Gutiérrez López, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Engineer of the Department of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Observation at the Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera.
M García Espinosa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Engineer of the Department of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Observation at the Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera.
R Torres Jardón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Doctor of Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences at the Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera
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