Desarrollo y evaluación de un dispositivo electrónico de peso ligero para el muestreo de compuestos orgánicos volátiles en la vertical acoplado a un globo meteorológico cautivo
Main Article Content
Keywords
Instrumentación atmosférica, muestreo de gases miniaturizado, globo cautivo instrumentado, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, edad fotoquímica, ozono, Ciudad de México
Resumen
El conocimiento del perfil vertical de la composición de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COVs) en áreas urbanas contaminadas puede ayudar a un mejor entendimiento del impacto de estos compuestos en la calidad del aire y en el desarrollo de mejores estrategias de control. Con el fin facilitar este tipo de mediciones y de que éstas tengan la confiabilidad necesaria, se diseñó e integró un dispositivo de muestreo miniaturizado programable de COVs ligero de bajo costo, que permite el anclaje de varios de ellos a diversos niveles de altura en el cordel de un globo meteorológico cautivo instrumentado, y cuyo arranque y paro de los muestreadores es controlado desde superficie. El muestreo simultáneo asegura que el perfil vertical de los COVs capturados representen con mejor certeza las diferencias esperadas en la concentración de estos compuestos debido a la influencia del dosel urbano y de la actividad urbana. Cada dispositivo de muestreo consiste en un circuito electrónico que recibe la señal de arranque y/o paro de la minibomba de succión de aire de un sistema maestro de control que se ubica en superficie y que comanda la operación por radiofrecuencia. La captura de los COVs es realizada por medio de un cartucho empacado con un medio adsorbente apropiado para este objeto. La aplicabilidad del sistema miniaturizado fue demostrada en una campaña corta de muestreos a los niveles 0 m, 50 m, y 100 m sobre la superficie en un sitio al suroeste de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México durante abril de 2017. Los perfiles de las concentraciones de COVs determinadas fueron comparados tanto con registros previos obtenidos a nivel superficie como en perfiles verticales utilizando métodos de muestreo menos dinámicos demostrando así el beneficio de conocer la concentración a diferentes alturas en la interpretación de la química atmosférica asociada a estos perfiles.
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Referencias
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“El ozono y la calidad del aire. secretaria del medio ambiente. gobierno de la ciudad de mexico,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/gQmhJU
K. M. Wagstrom and S. N. Pandis, “Determination of the age distribution of primary and secondary aerosol species using a chemical transport model,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 114, no. D14, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011784
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A. I. Skorokhod, E. V. Berezina, K. B. Moiseenko, N. F. Elansky, and I. B. Belikov, “Benzene and toluene in the surface air of northern eurasia from troica-12 campaign along the trans-siberian railway,” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 5501–5514, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5501-2017
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J. P. Garzon, J. I. Huertas, M. Magana, M. E. Huertas, B. Cardenas, T. Watanabe, T. Maeda, S. Wakamatsu, and S. Blanco, “Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of mexico city,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 119, pp. 415–429, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.014
J. Zheng, M. Shao, W. Che, L. Zhang, L. Zhong, Y. Zhang, and D. Streets, “Speciated voc emission inventory and spatial patterns of ozone formation potential in the pearl river delta, china,” Environmental science & technology, vol. 43, no. 22, pp. 8580–8586, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1021/es901688e
W. P. Carter, “Updated maximum incremental reactivity scale and hydrocarbon bin reactivities for regulatory applications,” California Air Resources Board Contract, pp. 07–339, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1.1.480.5788
W. P. Carter, “Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds,” Air & waste, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 881–899, 1994. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000000730
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Publicado
nov 23, 2018
Article Details
Cómo citar
Solano Murillo, M., Gutiérrez López, W., García Espinosa, M., & Torres Jardón, R. (2018). Desarrollo y evaluación de un dispositivo electrónico de peso ligero para el muestreo de compuestos orgánicos volátiles en la vertical acoplado a un globo meteorológico cautivo. Ingeniería Y Ciencia, 14(28), 135–167. https://doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.14.28.6
Número
Sección
Artículos
Agencias de apoyo
Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Biografía del autor/a
M Solano Murillo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Estudiante de doctorado en el área de Fisicoquímica atmosférica del Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera.
W Gutiérrez López, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Ingeniero del Departamento de Instrumentación y Observación Atmosférica del Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera.
M García Espinosa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Ingeniero del Departamento de Instrumentación y Observación Atmosférica del Centro de ciencias de la Atmósfera.
R Torres Jardón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Doctor en Ingeniería Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales del Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera
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