Necesidad de revisión de cargas y factores parciales de la NSR-10 para el diseño de estructuras sometidas a acciones de viento
Main Article Content
Keywords
confiabilidad estructural, calibración de factores parciales, índice de confiabilidad, códigos de diseño, cargas de viento, NSR-10
Resumen
Este artículo expone la necesidad de adelantar la revisión de los factores parciales, así como de los valores de velocidad de diseño para las cargas de viento provistos por la NSR-10. Empleando métodos de confiabilidad y la información disponible sobre la velocidad del viento en Colombia se demuestra que los diseños que se obtienen al emplear los factores parciales y el mapa de amenaza eólica prescritos por la NSR-10 carecen de uniformidad en su nivel de seguridad (índice de confiabilidad). También se prueba que no es posible determinar un factor parcial para la carga de viento que al ser usado junto con el mapa eólico de la normativa actual garantice uniformidad en la seguridad de las estructuras. Además de esto, se exponen argumentos técnicos y socieconómicos a favor de una revisión conjunta de las velocidades y factores parciales que considere las características eólicas y la realidad colombiana y que conduzca al reajuste de estos valores.
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Referencias
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I. I. E. S.A., "Normalizado de estructuras metálicas – información meteorológica básica para el dise-o de líneas de transmisión, documento ne-86-02," 1987.
F. Federación Colombiana de Fabricantes de Estructuras Metálicas, "Criterios de cargas de viento para el dise-o de construcciones," 1987. A. S. 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. C. Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, "Decreto 092 de 2011," 2011. A. S. 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010.
A. T. Beck and A. C. d. Souza Jr, "A first attempt towards reliability-based calibration of brazilian structural design codes," Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 119–127, 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-58782010000200004
N. Lakshmanan, S. Gomathinayagam, P. Harikrishna, A. Abraham, and S. C. Ganapathi, "Basic wind speed map of india with longterm hourly wind data," Current Science, vol. 96, no. 7, pp. 911–922, 2009.
M. Sánchez, Introducción a la Confiabilidad y la Evaluación de Riesgos: Teoría y aplicaciones en Ingeniería, 1st ed. Ediciones Uniandes, 2005.
B. Ellingwood and T. V. Galambos, "Probability-based criteria for structural design," Structural Safety, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15–26, 1982–1983.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(82)90012-1
N. Gayton, A. Mohamed, J. Sorensen, M. Pendola, and M. Lemaire, "Calibration methods for reliability-based design codes," Structural Safety, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 91 – 121, 2004.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4730(03)00024-9
E. Bruce, G. Theodore, M. James, and C. Cornell, Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58: Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures, ser. National Bureau of Standards special publication. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1980, no. no. 577. C. asesora permanente para el régimen de construcciones sismo resistentes, "Código colombiano de construcción sismoresistente," 1984.
I. de Hidrología, M. y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), and U. de Planeación Minero Energética (UPME), "Atlas de viento y energia eólica de colombia," 2006.
B. Ellingwood and P. Tekie, "Wind load statistics for probability-based structural design," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 453–463, 1999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(453)
P. Vickery, D. Wadhera, J. Galsworthy, J. Peterka, P. Irwin, and L. Griffis, "Ultimate wind load design gust wind speeds in the united states for use in asce-7," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 613–625, 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000145
A. publication for the Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS), Probabilistic Assessment of Existing Structures, ser. RILEM Publications. RILEM, 2001.
G. V. Clement, Acción del viento sobre las estructuras. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2002.
N. C. Lind, "Reliability-based structural codes, practical calibration," In Safety of structures under dynamic loading, pp. 149–160, 1977.
O. Ditlevsen, "Structural reliability codes for probabilistic design-a debate paper based on elementary reliability and decision analysis concepts," Structural Safety, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 253 – 270, 1997, devoted to the work of the Joint Committee on Structural Safety.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4730(97)00009-X
R. Rackwitz, "Optimization-the basis of code-making and reliability verification,"Structural Safety, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 27 – 60, 2000.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4730(99)00037-5
M. Sanchez and R. Rackwitz, "Optimization and the life quality index as an alternative for the development of new design regulations," Structural Engineering, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 19–30, 2002.
R. Rackwitz, "Optimization and risk acceptability based on the life quality index," Structural Safety, vol. 24, no. 2–4, pp. 297 – 331, 2002.