The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy
Main Article Content
Keywords
Deliberative democracy, epistemic justification, deliberative institutions, empirical problems
Abstract
I will be reviewing three different ways in which the ideals of deliberative democracy have changed in light of practical concerns of feasibility, that is, by making the problem of how this ideal would be approximated increasingly central in societies characterized by deep disagreements, social problems of enormous complexity and also consider the blunt instruments of available institutions. First, theories of deliberative democracy have come to emphasize the process of deliberation itself, rather than its ideal and counterfactual conditions and procedures. Second, deliberative democrats have become increasingly interested in the problems of institutionalization, of making institutions such as voting and majority rule, representation, courts and constitutional law more deliberative rather than rejecting them for more direct democracy. Third, these aforementioned democrats are concerned with examining and comparing different settings and procedures of deliberation, pointing out empirical problems and obstacles that cannot always be anticipated by conceptual argument alone.
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References
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Habermas, Jürgen (1996a). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (1996b). “Popular sovereignty as procedure”. En: Haber-mas (1996a). Reimpreso en James Bohman y William Rehg. Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Held, David (1995). Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Oxford: Polity Press.
Johnson, James (1998). “Arguing for deliberation”. En: Jon Elster (ed.) (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Knight, Jack y James Johnson (1994). “Aggregation and Deliberation: On the Possibility of Democratic Legitimacy”. En: Political Theory. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Knight, Jack y James Johnson (1997). “What sort of Equality Does Delibe-rative Democracy require?”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg. Delibera-tive Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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Michelman, Frank (1997). “Can the people ever really make the Laws?: a critique of deliberative democracy”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg. Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Nino, Carlos (1996). The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy. New Ha-ven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Page, Benjamin (1995). Who Deliberates? Mass Media and Modern Demo-cracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Przeworski, Adam (1998). “Deliberation and ideological domination”. En: Jon Elster (ed.) (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rawls, John (1993). Political Liberalism. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
Rawls, John (1996). “Introduction”. En: Political Liberalism. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
Rawls, John (1997). The idea of public reason revisited. University of Chicago Law Review.
Rehg, William (1997). “Legitimacy and deliberation in the epistemic con-ception of democracy: between Estlund and Habermas”. En: The Modern Schoolman, Vol. 74, No. 74, pp. 355-374.
Richardson, Henry (1997). “Democratic intentions”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg (eds.). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sanders, Lynn (1997). “Against deliberation”. En: Political Theory. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Solum, Lawrence (1993). “Constructing an ideal of public reason”. En: San Diego Law Review. San Diego: University of San Diego.
Stokes, Susan (1998). “Pathologies of deliberation”. En: Jon Elster (ed.). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sunstein, Cass (1991). “Preferences and politics”. En: Philosophy and Public Affairs. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Uhr, John (1998). Deliberative Democracy in Australia: The Changing Place of Parliament. Front Cover. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Young, Iris (1996). “Communication and the other: beyond deliberative democracy”. En: Seyla Benhabib (ed.). Democracy and Difference. New Jer-sey: Princeton University Press.
Young, Iris (1997). “Deferring group representation”. En: Ian Shapiro y Will Kymlicka (eds.). Nomos XXIX: Ethnicity and Group Rights. Nueva York: New York University Press.
Benhabib, Seyla (ed.) (1996a). Democracy and Difference. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Benhabib, Seyla (1996b). “Toward a deliberative model of democratic le-gitimacy”. En: Democracy and Difference. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Bessette, Joseph (1980). “Deliberative democracy: the majority princi-ple in republican government”. En: Robert Goldwin y William Shambra (eds.). How Democratic is the Constitution? Washington, D.C: American Enterprise Institute.
Bessette, Joseph (1994). The Mild Voice of Reason: Deliberative Democracy and American Constitutional Government. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bickford, Susan (1996). The Dissonance of Democracy: Listening, Conflict and Citizenship. Nueva York: Cornell University Press.
Bohman, James (1996). Public Deliberation: Pluralism, Complexity and De-mocracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bohman, James (1997a). “Deliberative democracy and effective social freedom”. En: James Bohman y William Regh (eds.). Deliberative Democra-cy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bohman, James (1997b). “The public spheres of the world citizen”. En: James Bohman y Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (eds.). Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kant’s Cosmopolitan Ideal. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bohman, James y William Rehg (eds.) (1997a). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bohman, James y William Rehg (1997b). “Introduction”. En: Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chambers, Simone (1995). “Discourse and democratic practices”. En: Stephen White (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Habermas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chambers, Simone (1996). Reasonable Democracy: Jürgen Habermas and the Politics of Discourse. Ithaca. Nueva York: Cornell University Press.
Christiano, Thomas (1996). The Rule of the Many. Boulder: Westview Press.
Christiano, Thomas (1997). “The significance of deliberation”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg (eds.). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cohen, Joshua (1986). “An epistemic conception of democracy”. En: Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cohen, Joshua (1989). “Deliberation and democratic legitimacy”. En: Alan Hamlin y Philip Pettit (eds.). The Good Polity. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cohen, Joshua (1996). “Procedure and substance in deliberative democra-cy”. En: Sheyla Benhabib. Democracy and Difference. New Jersey: Prince-ton University Press.
Cohen, Joshua y Joel Rogers (1992). “Secondary associations and demo-cratic governance”. En: Politics and Society. Nueva York: Columbia Uni-versity.
Crocker, David (2000). “Truth commissions, transitional justice, and civil society”. En: Robert I. Rotberg y Dennis Thompson (eds.). Truth v. Justice: The Moral Efficacy of Truth Commissions: South Africa and Beyond. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
D’Agostino, Fred (1996). Free Public Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dewey, John (1988). The Public and Its Problems in John Dewey. Vol. 2, The Later Works. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Dryzek, John (1996). Democracy in Capitalist Times: Ideals, Limits and Stru-ggles. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Elster, Jon (1986). “The market and the forum”. En: John Elster y Aanund Hyllund (eds.). The Foundations of Social Choice Theory. Cambridge: Cam-bridge University Press.
Elster, Jon (1998a). “Deliberation and constitution making”. En: Jon Els-ter (ed.) (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
Elster, Jon (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-versity Press.
Elster, Jon (1998c). “Introduction”. En: Jon Elster (ed.) (1998b). Delibera-tive Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Estlund, David (1993a). Who’s afraid of deliberative democracy? On the stra-tegic/ deliberative dichotomy in recent constitutional jurisprudence. Texas: Law Review.
Estlund, David (1993b). “Making truth safe for democracy”. En: David Copp, Jean Hampton y John Roemer (eds.). The Idea of Democracy. Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press.
Estlund, David (1997). “Beyond fairness of deliberation: the epistemic dimension of democratic authority”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg (eds.). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fearon, James (1998). “Deliberation as discussion”. En: Jon Elster (ed.) (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Flyvbjerg, Bent (1998). Rationality and Power: Democracy in Practice. Chi-cago: University of Chicago Press.
Gambetta, Diego (1998). “‘Claro!’ An essay on discursive machismo”. En: Jon Elster (ed.) (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gaus, Gerald (1996). Justicatory Liberalism: An Essay on Epistemology and Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gaus, Gerald (1997). “Looking for the best and finding none better: the epistemic case for deliberative democracy”. En: The Modern Schoolman. San Louis: Saint Louis University.
Gutmann, Amy y Dennis Thompson (1996). Democracy and Disagreement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphe-re. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (1975). Legitimation Crisis. Boston: Beacon Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (1996a). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (1996b). “Popular sovereignty as procedure”. En: Haber-mas (1996a). Reimpreso en James Bohman y William Rehg. Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Held, David (1995). Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Oxford: Polity Press.
Johnson, James (1998). “Arguing for deliberation”. En: Jon Elster (ed.) (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Knight, Jack y James Johnson (1994). “Aggregation and Deliberation: On the Possibility of Democratic Legitimacy”. En: Political Theory. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Knight, Jack y James Johnson (1997). “What sort of Equality Does Delibe-rative Democracy require?”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg. Delibera-tive Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Mansbridge, Jane. (1980). Beyond Adversarial Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Michelman, Frank (1988). “Law’s republic”. En: TheYale Law Journal. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Michelman, Frank (1997). “Can the people ever really make the Laws?: a critique of deliberative democracy”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg. Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Nino, Carlos (1996). The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy. New Ha-ven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Page, Benjamin (1995). Who Deliberates? Mass Media and Modern Demo-cracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Przeworski, Adam (1998). “Deliberation and ideological domination”. En: Jon Elster (ed.) (1998b). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rawls, John (1993). Political Liberalism. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
Rawls, John (1996). “Introduction”. En: Political Liberalism. Nueva York: Columbia University Press.
Rawls, John (1997). The idea of public reason revisited. University of Chicago Law Review.
Rehg, William (1997). “Legitimacy and deliberation in the epistemic con-ception of democracy: between Estlund and Habermas”. En: The Modern Schoolman, Vol. 74, No. 74, pp. 355-374.
Richardson, Henry (1997). “Democratic intentions”. En: James Bohman y William Rehg (eds.). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sanders, Lynn (1997). “Against deliberation”. En: Political Theory. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Solum, Lawrence (1993). “Constructing an ideal of public reason”. En: San Diego Law Review. San Diego: University of San Diego.
Stokes, Susan (1998). “Pathologies of deliberation”. En: Jon Elster (ed.). Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sunstein, Cass (1991). “Preferences and politics”. En: Philosophy and Public Affairs. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Uhr, John (1998). Deliberative Democracy in Australia: The Changing Place of Parliament. Front Cover. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Young, Iris (1996). “Communication and the other: beyond deliberative democracy”. En: Seyla Benhabib (ed.). Democracy and Difference. New Jer-sey: Princeton University Press.
Young, Iris (1997). “Deferring group representation”. En: Ian Shapiro y Will Kymlicka (eds.). Nomos XXIX: Ethnicity and Group Rights. Nueva York: New York University Press.
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Jun 27, 2016
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Bohman, J., & García Jaramillo, L. (2016). The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy. Co-Herencia, 13(24), 105–143. https://doi.org/10.17230/co-herencia.13.24.5
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James Bohman, Saint Louis University
Ph.D., Boston University (EE.UU). Profesor de Filosofía política y Filosofía de las ciencias sociales, Saint Louis University, Missouri.Leonardo García Jaramillo, Universidad EAFIT
Traductor.
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