Modelos de localización de cámaras de vigilancia en una red de transporte público masivo
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Keywords
Localización, optimización combinatoria, seguridad, teoría de grafos, redes, problema de cubrimiento de vértices.
Resumen
Este artículo estudia el problema de localización de cámaras de vigilancia aplicado a una red de transporte público masivo. Se considera una red de estaciones conectadas entre sí, mediante rutas predeterminadas de buses. El problema estudiado consiste en escoger las estaciones que deben ser vigiladas mediante cámaras con el fin de optimizar simultáneamente dos objetivos: El valor esperado del número de crímenes detectados por las cámaras, y la calidad de las imágenes captadas por el sistema de vigilancia completo. Se formulan dos modelos de optimización basados en programación entera para este problema considerando múltiples períodos, restricciones de presupuesto y restricciones de conectividad donde se busca garantizar que al menos se cuente con una cámara de vigilancia por cada pareja de estaciones conectadas directamente. Se realiza una comparación del desempeño de los modelos matemáticos propuestos usando un optimizador comercial en un conjunto de instancias aleatorio con 20 hasta 200 estaciones. Los resultados computacionales permiten concluir sobre la capacidad de los modelos matemáticos para encontrar soluciones óptimas y los recursos computacionales requeridos.
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Referencias
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