La gestión del riesgo de desastres y la educación de negocios: el caso de las pequeñas y medianas empresas
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Keywords
continuidad de negocio, educación de negocios, resiliencia de negocio, incorpración de la reducción del riesgo de desastres, PYME
Resumen
Es posible afirmar que la construcción de resiliencia de negocio a través de la preparación para los desastres utilizando un plan de continuidad de negocio es vital para el desarrollo de las pequeñas empresas en el largo plazo. No pocas veces, los dueños de las pequeñas empresas invierten grandes sumas de dinero, tiempo y recursos para hacer exitosos sus emprendimientos y, sin embargo, muchos de ellos fracasan en la apropiada planeación y preparación para las situaciones de desastre. Con este problema en mente, Florida International University (FIU) se convirtió en la casa del Centro de Desarrollo de Pequeñas Empresas (SBDC) y del Instituto de Eventos Extremo (EEI). En conjunto, ambos institutos han trabajado conjuntamente en sumisión de difundir el conocimiento ylas mejores prácticas en cuanto a resiliencia de desastres y gestión de la continuidad de negocio de una manera accesible a las pequeñas empresas del Sur de la Florida y de América Latina. Por medio del desarrollo y la difusión de conocimiento, procesos y mejores prácticas a través de diferentes actividades y canales, como la consultoría empresarial y la elaboración de planes de continuidad de negocio, Pasantías (Practicums) y del Kit de Herramientas de Resiliencia de Negocio para las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas, ambos institutos representan verdaderamente la experiencia de FIU con PYME y su compromiso con el empresarismo y la comunidad del Sur de la Florida.
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Referencias
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Asgary, A., Anjum, M. I., & Azimi, N. (2012). Disaster recovery and business continuity after the 2010 flood in Pakistan: Case of small businesses. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2, 46-56. doi:10.1016/j. ijdrr.2012.08.001
Cremonini, M. A. & Samarati, P. (2008). Business Continuity Planning. In H. Bidgoli (Ed.), Handbook of Computer Networks: Distributed Networks, Network Planning, Control, Management, and New Trends and Applications, (pp. 671-688). New Jersey: NJ, 2008.
Cybulski, G. T.. (2016). Business Continuity Management: Return on Investment. Aon Global Risk Consulting Dahlhamer, J. M., & D'Souza, M. J. (1997). Determinants of Business-Disaster Preparedness in Two U.S.
Metropolitan Areas. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 15(2), 265-281.
Dahlhamer, J. M., & Tierney, K. J. (1996). Winners and losers: Predicting business disaster recovery outcomes following the Northridge earthquake. Newark: Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware.
Disaster Recovery. (2016). Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning. Retrieved from http://www.disasterrecovery.org/disaster_recovery.html.
Eastern Kentucky University (2016). Top Natural Disasters that Threaten Businesses. Department of Safety, Security, and Emergency Management, Retrieved April 12, 2016, from http://safetymanagement.eku.edu/resources/infographics/top-natural-disasters-that-threaten-businesses/.
Florida International University. (2016a). Disaster Risk Reduction Program. Retrieved April 11, 2016, from http://drr.fiu.edu/disaster-risk-reduction-program/.
Florida International University. (2016b). History. Retrieved from http://www.fiu.edu/about-us/history/index. html.
Florida Small Business Development Center Network. (2016). Miami. Retrieved April 11, 2016, from http:// floridasbdc.org/locations/florida-international-university-miami/.
Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction 2013: From shared risk to shared value: The business case for disaster risk reduction. (2013). Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
Hammock, R. (2015). Only 37% of Small Businesses Have a Formal Disaster Preparation Plan. Retrieved April 12, 2016, from http://smallbusiness.com/operating/despite-a-decade-of-historic-disasters-only-37-of-small-businesses-have-a-formal-plan-for-disaster-preparation-recovery/.
HP & SCORE. (2008). Impact on U.S. Small Business of Natural & Man-Made Disasters. Compilation of public and private sector.
Kroll, C., Landis, J., Shen, Q., & Stryker, S. (1990). The Economic impact of the Loma Prieta Earthquake: A focus on small business. Berkeley Planning Journal, 5, 40-58.
Runyan, R. C. (2006). Small Business in the Face of Crisis: Identifying Barriers to Recovery from a Natural Disaster1. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 14(1), 12-26. doi :10.1111/j.1468-5973.2006.00477.x.
Sarmiento, J.P., Hoberman, G., Ilcheva, M., Asgary, A., Majano, A. M., Poggione, S. & Duran, L.R. (2012). Private Sector and Disaster Risk Reduction: The Cases of Bogota, Miami, Kingston, San Jose, Santiago and Vancouver. Background paper prepared for the 2013 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR, 2012. http://www.preventionweb.net/gar.
Savage, M. (2002). Business continuity planning. Work Study, 51(5), 254-261. doi:10.1108/00438020210437277 The U.S. Small Business Administration. (2016). Disaster Planning. Retrieved April 11, 2016, from https://www.sba.gov/managing-business/running-business/emergency-preparedness/disaster-planning.
Tierney, K. J., & Dahlhamer, J. M. (1997). Business disruption, preparedness, and recovery: Lessons from the Northridge earthquake. Newark, DE: University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center.