Ocultamiento del conocimiento como obstáculo para la innovación en las organizaciones: Un estudio cualitativo de la industria del software
Main Article Content
Keywords
Ocultamiento de conocimiento, Intercambio de conocimiento, Gestión del conocimiento, industria del software.
Resumen
La transmisión y la popularización del conocimiento entre el personal lleva a una sinergia funcional en el proceso de innovación de las organizaciones. Se ha encontrado que la mayoría de la investigación sobre organizaciones está relacionada con el intercambio de conocimiento, mientras que el ocultamien- to de conocimiento ha sido raramente investigado. Aquellas empresas que operan en la industria del software están entre las organizaciones basadas en el conocimiento en que los empleados requieren poseer conocimiento especializado y habilidades para desempeñar sus funciones. La diseminación del conocimiento y de la información puede ayudar a las organizaciones a ser innovadoras y a mejorar su ventaja competitiva. El presente estudio indica que la información no fluye a través de los empleados de las organizaciones que sirvieron de muestra y que los empleados prefieren esconder su conocimiento organizacional de sus colegas con el fin de mantener sus propios portafolios. Utilizando un sistema temático y entrevistas como método de recolección de información, se extrajeron algunas cuestiones temáticas. Estos temas incluyeron: características comportamentales, complejidad del conocimiento, el poder de la persona que hace la solicitud, los incentivos que brinda la organización para el intercambio de conocimiento, el nivel de confianza entre los compañeros de trabajo, el efecto de la ubicuidad de los medios de comunicación, la capacidad de aprendizaje del demandante de conocimiento, el nivel de contactos personales con los compañeros de trabajo, los compañeros que resultan engañosos, la violencia y las reacciones negativas por parte el ambiente organizacional.
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Referencias
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Conrad, D., & Newberry, R. (2012), “Identification and instruction of important business communication skills for graduate business education”. Journal of Education For Business 87, 112–120.
Cui, A. S., & Wu, F. (2016). Utilizing customer knowledge in innovation: antecedents and impact of customer involvement on new product performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(4), 516-538.
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Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., Shaw, J. D., Johnson, J. L., & Pagon, M. (2006). The social context of undermining behavior at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101, 105–126.
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Khajeheian, D. & Tadayoni, R. (2016). User innovation in public service broadcasts: creating public value by media entrepreneurship. International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, 14 (2), 117–131.
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Laski, S. A., & Moosavi, S. J. (2016). The Relationship between Organizational Trust, OCB and Performance of Faculty of Physical Education. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies IJHCS, 1(1), 1280-1287.
Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23, 438–459.
McAdam ,R., Mason, M. and McCrory, J. (2011), ‘‘Exploring the dichotomies within the tacit knowledge literature: towards a process of tacit knowing in organizations ’’. Journal of knowledge management, 11( 2), 43-59.
Miles. Ian, green. Lawrence (2010) , Knowledge management and innovation: networks and networking. Journal of knowledge management, 14(3). 104-122.
Mohammadpour, A. (2010). Meta-method: Philosophical and Practical Basis of Qualitative Research Methodology in Sociological and Behavioral Sciences. Tehran: JameehShenasan.
Peng, H. (2013). Why and when do people hide knowledge?. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 398-415.
Rafooa. Shabnam, abasi. fatemeh (2015), Organizational and technological factors on knowledge sharing at the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of information management, 83, 219-234.
Salamzadeh, Y., Nejati, M., & Salamzadeh, A. (2014). Agility Path through Work Values in Knowledge-based Organizations: A Study of Iranian Virtual Universities. Innovar, 24(53), 177-186.
Saxe, L. (1991). Lying: Thoughts of an applied social psychologist. American Psychologist, 46, 409–415.
Serenko, A., & Bontis, N. (2016). Understanding counterproductive knowledge behavior: antecedents and consequences of intra-organizational knowledge hiding. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(6), 1199 – 1224.
Swap, W., Leonard, D., Shields, M., & Abrams, L. (2001). Using mentoring and storytelling to transfer knowledge in the workplace. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18, 95–114.
Thomas, D. (2008). A general inductive approach for qualitative data analysis. University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 15(3), 398–405.
Wang, S., Noe, R. A. (2010). Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 20, 115–131
Webster, J., Brown, B., Zweig, D., Connelly, C. (2008), Beyond knowledge sharing: Withholding knowledge at work, in Joseph J. Martocchio. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 27, 1-37.
Wittenbaum, G. M., Hollingshead, A. B., & Botero, I. C. (2004). From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: Moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm. Communication Monographs, 71, 286–310.
Xie, X., Fang, L., Zeng, S., & Huo, J. (2016). How does knowledge inertia affect firms product innovation?. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1615-1620.
Yukl, G., Kim, H., & Falbe, C. M. (1996). Antecedents of influence outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 309–317.
Zeinabadi, H., & Salehi, K. (2011). Role of procedural justice, trust, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers: Proposing a modified social exchange model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1472-1481.
Zhao, H., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84-94.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Bock, G.W., Zmud, R.W., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces & organizational climate. MIS Quarterly, 29, 87–112.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Busch, Peter (2010). Tacit Knowledge In Organizational Learning, New York: IGI Publishing.
Chen, X., Zhou, Y., Probert, D., & Su, J. (2016). Managing knowledge sharing in distributed innovation from the perspective of developers: empirical study of open source software projects in China. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 29, 1-22.
Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., & LePine, J. A. (2007). Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 909–927.
Connelly, E. C., zweig, D., (2015) How perpetrators and targets construe knowledge hiding in organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(3), 479-489.
Connelly, E. C., zweig, D., Webster, J., Trougakos, J.P. (2012), knowledge hiding in organization. Journal of organizational behavior, 33, 64-88.
Conrad, D., & Newberry, R. (2012), “Identification and instruction of important business communication skills for graduate business education”. Journal of Education For Business 87, 112–120.
Cui, A. S., & Wu, F. (2016). Utilizing customer knowledge in innovation: antecedents and impact of customer involvement on new product performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(4), 516-538.
Demirkasimoglu, N. (2015). Knowledge Hiding in Academia: Is Personality a Key Factor?. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(1), p128.
Dong, Y., Bartol, K. M., Zhang, Z. X., & Li, C. (2016). Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual‐focused transformational leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/job.2134/full.
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., Shaw, J. D., Johnson, J. L., & Pagon, M. (2006). The social context of undermining behavior at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101, 105–126.
Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Kanste, O., Pölkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis. Sage Open, 4(1), 1-10.
Gonzalez-Perez, M.A, Velez-Calle, A., Cathro, V., Caprar, D. V. & Taras, V. (2014) Virtual Teams and International Business Teaching and Learning:The Case of the Global Enterprise Experience (GEE). Journal of Teaching in International Business, 25 (3), 200-213.
Gordon, A. K., & Miller, A. G. (2000). Perspective differences in the construal of lies: Is deception in the eye of the beholder?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 46–55.
Greenberg, J., Brinsfield, C. T., & Edwards, M. S. (2007). Silence as deviant work behavior: The peril of words unspoken. Symposium presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, New York, NY.
Hernaus, T., Vokić, N. P., Aleksić, A., Černe, M., & Škerlavaj, M. (2015). Knowledge Hiding in the Academia: What, Where, and How Often?. In 17th European Congress of Work and Organizational Psychology.
Hicks ,Richard C., Dattero, Ronald. and Galup, Stuart D. (2012), ‘‘A metaphor for knowledge management:explicit islands in a tacit sea’’. Journal of knowledge management, 11(1), 5-22.
Hislop, Donald (2013). Knowledge management in organizations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Huang, X., Gattiker, T. F., & Schwarz, J. L. (2008). Interpersonal trust formation during the supplier selection process: The role of the communication channel. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44, 53–75.
Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Majchrzak, A. (2008). Knowledge collaboration among professionals protecting national security: Role of transactive memories in ego-centered knowledge networks. Organization Science, 19, 260–276.
Kang, S. W. (2016). Knowledge withholding: psychological hindrance to the innovation diffusion within an organisation. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 14(1), 144-149.
Kelloway, E. K., Barling, J. (2000). Knowledge work as organizational behavior. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2, 287–304.
Khajeheian, D. (2014), A Perspective on Media Entrepreneurship Policy: Globalization Of Knowledge And Opportunities For Developing Economies. Journal of Globalization Studies, 5(2), 174-187.
Khajeheian, D. & Tadayoni, R. (2016). User innovation in public service broadcasts: creating public value by media entrepreneurship. International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, 14 (2), 117–131.
Khaleghkhah. A., Ebrahimpoor. H. (2015). Analysis of mechanisms of organizational learning and knowledge sharing behavior. Journal of management research, 29. 153-180.
Laski, S. A., & Moosavi, S. J. (2016). The Relationship between Organizational Trust, OCB and Performance of Faculty of Physical Education. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies IJHCS, 1(1), 1280-1287.
Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23, 438–459.
McAdam ,R., Mason, M. and McCrory, J. (2011), ‘‘Exploring the dichotomies within the tacit knowledge literature: towards a process of tacit knowing in organizations ’’. Journal of knowledge management, 11( 2), 43-59.
Miles. Ian, green. Lawrence (2010) , Knowledge management and innovation: networks and networking. Journal of knowledge management, 14(3). 104-122.
Mohammadpour, A. (2010). Meta-method: Philosophical and Practical Basis of Qualitative Research Methodology in Sociological and Behavioral Sciences. Tehran: JameehShenasan.
Peng, H. (2013). Why and when do people hide knowledge?. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 398-415.
Rafooa. Shabnam, abasi. fatemeh (2015), Organizational and technological factors on knowledge sharing at the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of information management, 83, 219-234.
Salamzadeh, Y., Nejati, M., & Salamzadeh, A. (2014). Agility Path through Work Values in Knowledge-based Organizations: A Study of Iranian Virtual Universities. Innovar, 24(53), 177-186.
Saxe, L. (1991). Lying: Thoughts of an applied social psychologist. American Psychologist, 46, 409–415.
Serenko, A., & Bontis, N. (2016). Understanding counterproductive knowledge behavior: antecedents and consequences of intra-organizational knowledge hiding. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(6), 1199 – 1224.
Swap, W., Leonard, D., Shields, M., & Abrams, L. (2001). Using mentoring and storytelling to transfer knowledge in the workplace. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18, 95–114.
Thomas, D. (2008). A general inductive approach for qualitative data analysis. University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 15(3), 398–405.
Wang, S., Noe, R. A. (2010). Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 20, 115–131
Webster, J., Brown, B., Zweig, D., Connelly, C. (2008), Beyond knowledge sharing: Withholding knowledge at work, in Joseph J. Martocchio. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 27, 1-37.
Wittenbaum, G. M., Hollingshead, A. B., & Botero, I. C. (2004). From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: Moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm. Communication Monographs, 71, 286–310.
Xie, X., Fang, L., Zeng, S., & Huo, J. (2016). How does knowledge inertia affect firms product innovation?. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1615-1620.
Yukl, G., Kim, H., & Falbe, C. M. (1996). Antecedents of influence outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 309–317.
Zeinabadi, H., & Salehi, K. (2011). Role of procedural justice, trust, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers: Proposing a modified social exchange model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1472-1481.
Zhao, H., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84-94.
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feb 28, 2017
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Labafi, S. (2017). Ocultamiento del conocimiento como obstáculo para la innovación en las organizaciones: Un estudio cualitativo de la industria del software. AD-Minister, (30), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.30.7
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Somayeh Labafi, Universidad de Teherán
PhD in media management, she is a lecturer in University of Tehran. Her research interests are media management, social media, media strategy, knowledge management and qualitative methods. She has written over 25 scientific articles in Iranian and international journals.Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
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