Overall Description of Wind Power
Main Article Content
Keywords
Wind energy, Wind turbines, MPPT control, DC-DC power converter, simulation, PACS 88.50.-k, 88.50.-G, 88.50.Xy
Abstract
This paper presents a general overview of the main characteristics of the wind power systems, also considerations about the simulation models and
the most used Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) techniques are made. Some simulation results are shown and conclusions about the work are given.
PACS 88.50.-k; 88.50.-G; 88.50.Xy
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References
[1] H. Li and Z. Chen, “Overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons,” IET renewable Power Generation, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 123–138, 2008. 62
[2] T. Ackermann, G. Ancell, L. D. Borup, P. B. Eriksen, B. Ernst, F. Groome, M. Lange, C. Mohrlen, A. G. Orths, J. OSullivan, and M. de la Torre, “Where the wind blows,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 65–75, 2009. 62
[3] T. Ackermann, Wind Power in Power Systems. West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2005. 62, 63, 77
[4] A. Sumper, O. Gomis-Bellmunt, A. Sudria-Andreu, R. Villafafila-Robles, and J. Rull-Duran, “Response of fixed speed wind turbines to system frequency disturbances,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 181–192, 2009. 63
[5] M. Abdullah, A. Yatim, C. Tan, and R. Saidur, “A review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3220–3227, 2012. 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77
[6] J. S. Thongam and M. Ouhrouche, Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power, Chapter 15. Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia: Intech, 2011. 63, 64, 72, 74
[7] J. C. U. Pena, M. A. G. de Brito, G. de A. e Melo, and C. A. Canesin, “A comparative study of mppt strategies and a novel single phase integrated buck boost inverter for small wind energy conversion systems,” in 2011 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference COBEP, 2011, pp. 458–465. 63, 72, 75, 76
[8] L. Whei-Min and H. Chih-Ming, “Intelligent approach to maximum power point tracking control strategy for variable speed wind turbine generation system,” Energy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 2440–2447, 2010. 63, 64, 73
[9] L. Gonzalez, E. Figueres, G. Garcera, and O. Carranza, “Maximum-powerpoint tracking with reduced mechanical stress applied to wind-energyconversion-systems,” Applied Energy, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 2304–2312, 2010.64
[10] A. Soetedjo, A. Lomi, and W. P. Mulayanto, “Modeling of wind energy system with mppt control,” in 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2011, pp. 1–6. 64, 73
[11] A. Meharrar, M. Tioursi, M. Hatti, and A. B. Stambouli, “A variable speed wind generator maximum power tracking based on adaptative neuro-fuzzy inference system,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7659–7664, 2011. 64
[12] H. E. Mena-Lopez, “Maximum power tracking control scheme for wind generator systems,” Master’s thesis, Texas A&M University, USA, 2007. 65, 67, 71, 79
[13] J. Hui, “An adaptive control algortihm for maximum power point tracking for wind energy conversion systems,” Master’s thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 2008. 65, 67
[14] M. Topal and L. T. Ergene, “Designing a wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous machine,” Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Instanbul University, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1311–1317, 2011. 67
[15] S. Joshi, A. Patel, P. Patel, and V. Patel, “Wind energy - a brief survey with wind turbine simulations,” International Journal of Computer Communication and Information System ( IJCCIS), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 228–232, 2010.67
[16] B. Babu and K.B.Mohanty, “Doubly-fed induction generator for variable speed wind energy conversion systems-modeling and simulation,” International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.
141–147, 2010. 67
[17] A. D. Hansen, C. Jauch, P. Sørensen, F. Iov, and F. Blaabjerg, Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool DIgSILENT. Roskilde, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory, 2003. 68
[18] O. S. Mutlu, “Modeling wind farms in power system simulation studies: a review,” Journal of Naval Science and Engineering, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 47–67, 2012. 69
[19] A. Perdana, “Wind turbine models for power system stability studies,” Master’s thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, 2006. 69
[20] W. MathWorld, “Probability density function,” April 2013. [Online]. Available: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ProbabilityDensityFunction.html 69
[21] J. Zhou, E. Erdem, G. Li, and J. Shi, “Comprehensive evaluation of wind speed distribution models: A case study for north dakota sites,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1449–1458, 2010. 69, 70
[22] Z. Qin, W. Li, and X. Xiong, “Generation system reliability evaluation incorporating correlations of wind speeds with different distributions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 551–558, 2013. 69
[23] E. C. Morgan, M. Lackner, R. M. Vogel, and L. G. Baise, “Probability distributionsfor offshore wind speeds,” Energy Conversion and Management,vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 15–26, 2011. 69
[24] I. Usta and Y. M. Kantar, “Analysis of some flexible families of distributionsfor estimation of wind speed distributions,” Applied Energy, vol. 89, no. 1,pp. 335–367, 2012. 70
[25] F. Chellali, A. Khellaf, A. Belouchrani, B. Batoun, and S. Boualit, “Theapplication of the maximum entropy function principle to fit the wind speeddistribution,” in Revue des Energies Renouvelables SMEE’10, 2010, pp. 107– 114. 70
[26] F. B. Amar and M. Elamouri, “A new theoretical model for modeling the windspeed frequency distribution,” International Journal Of Renewable EnergyResearch, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 306–313, 2011. 70
[27] A. Hua and B. Cheng, “Design and implementation of power converters forwind energy conversion system,” in 2010 International Power ElectronicsConference (IPEC), 2010, pp. 323–328. 71, 73
[28] S. M. Barakati, M. Kazerani, and J. D. Aplevich, “Maximum power trackingcontrol for a wind turbine system including a matrix converter,” IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 705–713, 2009. 71
[29] L. Max, “Energy evaluation for dc/dc converters in dc-based wind farms,”Master’s thesis, Chalmers University of technology, Goteborg, Sweden, 2007.71
[30] S. Kazmi, H. Goto, H.-J. Guo, and O. Ichinokura, “A novel algorithm for fastand efficient speed-sensorless maximum power point tracking in wind energyconversion systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58,no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2011. 73
[31] E. Koutroulis and K. Kalaitzakis, “Design of a maximum power trackingsystem for wind-energy-conversion applications,” IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 486–494, 2006. 73
[32] C. Patsios, Chaniotis, and A. A., Kladas, “A hybrid maximum power pointtracking system for grid-connected variable speed wind-generators,” in PowerElectronics Specialists Conference, PESC, 2008, 2008, pp. 1749 – 1754. 74
[33] J. S. Thongam, P. Bouchard, H. Ezzaidi, and M. Ouhrouche, “Artificial neuralnetwork-based maximum power point tracking control for variable speedwind energy conversion systems,” in 18th IEEE International Conference onControl Applications, 2009, pp. 1667 – 1671. 74
[34] H. Li, K.L.Shi, and P.G.McLaren, “Neural-network-based sensorless maximumwind energy capture with compensated power coefficient,” IEEE Transactionson Industry Applications, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1548–1556, 2005. 74, 75
[35] R. Wai, C. Lin, and Y. Chang, “Novel maximum-power-extraction algorithmfor pmsg wind generation system,” IET Power Electronics Applications,vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 275–283, 2007. 74
[36] M. Matsui, D. Xu, L. Kang, and Z. Yang, “Limit cycle based simple mpptcontrol scheme for a small sized wind turbine generator system-principle andexperimental verification,” in Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,IPEMC 2004, 2004, pp. 1746 – 1750. 75
[37] H. Yokoyama, F. Tatsuta, and S. Nishikata, “Tip speed ratio control of windturbine generating system connected in series,” in 2011 International ElectricalMachines and Systems (ICEMS), 2011, pp. 1 – 4. 75
[38] M. Pucci and M. Cirrincione, “Neural mppt control of wind generators with,”IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 37–47, 2011.75
[39] M. Yurdusev, R. Ata, and N. Cetin, “Assesment of optimum tip speed ratioin wind turbines using artificial neural networks,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 12, pp.2153–2161, 2006. 75
[40] M. Cirrincione, M. Pucci, and G. Vitale, “Growing neural gas-based mppt ofvariable pitch wind generators with induction machines,” IEEE Transactionson Industry Applications, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 1006–1016, 2012. 75
[41] S. A. Khan, M. I. Hossain, and M. J. Hossain, “Fuzzy logic based controlscheme for power optimization of a small wind turbine system with dc-dcconverter,” International Journal on Electronics & Communication Technology(IJECT), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 18–21, 2011. 75
[42] E. Adzic, Z. Ivanovic, M. Adzic, and V. Katic, “Maximum power search inwind turbine based on fuzzy logic control,” Acta Polytechnica Hungarica,vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131–149, 2009. 75
[43] Q.Wang and L. Chang, “An intelligent maximum power extraction algorithmfor inverter-based variable speed wind turbine systems,” IEEE Transactionson Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1242–1249, 2004. 76
[44] B. Masoud, “Modeling and controller design of a wind energy conversionsystem,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2008.76
[45] V. Galdi, A. Piccolo, and P. Siano, “Designing an adaptive fuzzy controllerfor maximum wind energy extraction,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 559–569, 2008. 77
[46] R. Hilloowala and A. M. Sharaf, “A rule-based fuzzy logic controller for a pwminverter in a stand alone wind energy conversion scheme,” IEEE Transactionson Industry Applications, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 57–65, 1996. 77
[47] R. Llorente, R. Lacal, and M. Aguado, “Power electronics evolution in windturbines - a market-based analysis,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4982–4993, 2011. 77
[48] C. Zhe, J. Guerrero, and F. Blaabjerg, “A review of the state of the art ofpower electronics for wind turbines,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1859–1875, 2009. 77
[49] Q. Zhipeng, Z. Keliang, and L. Yingtao, “Modeling and control of dioderectifier fed pmsg based wind turbine,” in 4th International conference onelectric utilityderegulation and restructuring and power technologies, 2011,pp. 1384–1388. 77
[50] E. A. Bossanyi, “The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines,”Wind Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 149–163, 2001. 78
[51] T. Burton, D. Sharpe, N. Jenkins, and E. Bossanyi, Wind Energy Handbook.Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons, 2001. 78
[52] Y. Guo, S. H. Hosseini, C. Y. Tang, J. N. Jiang, and R. G. Ramakumar,“An approximate wind turbine control system model for wind farm powercontrol,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 262–274, 2013. 78
[53] W. Dinghui, X. Lili, and J. Zhicheng, “Fuzzy adaptive control for wind energyconversion system based on model reference,” in Control and DecisionConference, 2009. CCDC ’09, 2009, pp. 1783–1787. 78
[54] C. Xia, Z. Wang, T. Shi, and X. He, “An improved control strategy of tripleline-voltage cascaded voltage source converter based on proportional resonantcontroller,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 7, pp.2894–2908, 2013. 78
[55] E. Kamal, M. Bayart, and A. Aitouche, “Robust control of wind energy conversionsystems,” in Communications, Computing and Control Applications(CCCA), 2011, pp. 1–6. 78
[56] W.-M. Lin, C.-M. Hong, and F.-S. Cheng, “Design of intelligent controllersfor wind generation system with sensorless maximum wind energy control,”Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1086–1096, 2010. 78
[57] C. N. Bhende, S. Mishra, and S. G. Malla, “Permanent magnet synchronousgenerator-based standalone wind energy supply system,” IEEE TRANSACTIONSON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 361–373, October2011. 79
[2] T. Ackermann, G. Ancell, L. D. Borup, P. B. Eriksen, B. Ernst, F. Groome, M. Lange, C. Mohrlen, A. G. Orths, J. OSullivan, and M. de la Torre, “Where the wind blows,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 65–75, 2009. 62
[3] T. Ackermann, Wind Power in Power Systems. West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2005. 62, 63, 77
[4] A. Sumper, O. Gomis-Bellmunt, A. Sudria-Andreu, R. Villafafila-Robles, and J. Rull-Duran, “Response of fixed speed wind turbines to system frequency disturbances,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 181–192, 2009. 63
[5] M. Abdullah, A. Yatim, C. Tan, and R. Saidur, “A review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3220–3227, 2012. 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77
[6] J. S. Thongam and M. Ouhrouche, Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power, Chapter 15. Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia: Intech, 2011. 63, 64, 72, 74
[7] J. C. U. Pena, M. A. G. de Brito, G. de A. e Melo, and C. A. Canesin, “A comparative study of mppt strategies and a novel single phase integrated buck boost inverter for small wind energy conversion systems,” in 2011 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference COBEP, 2011, pp. 458–465. 63, 72, 75, 76
[8] L. Whei-Min and H. Chih-Ming, “Intelligent approach to maximum power point tracking control strategy for variable speed wind turbine generation system,” Energy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 2440–2447, 2010. 63, 64, 73
[9] L. Gonzalez, E. Figueres, G. Garcera, and O. Carranza, “Maximum-powerpoint tracking with reduced mechanical stress applied to wind-energyconversion-systems,” Applied Energy, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 2304–2312, 2010.64
[10] A. Soetedjo, A. Lomi, and W. P. Mulayanto, “Modeling of wind energy system with mppt control,” in 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2011, pp. 1–6. 64, 73
[11] A. Meharrar, M. Tioursi, M. Hatti, and A. B. Stambouli, “A variable speed wind generator maximum power tracking based on adaptative neuro-fuzzy inference system,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7659–7664, 2011. 64
[12] H. E. Mena-Lopez, “Maximum power tracking control scheme for wind generator systems,” Master’s thesis, Texas A&M University, USA, 2007. 65, 67, 71, 79
[13] J. Hui, “An adaptive control algortihm for maximum power point tracking for wind energy conversion systems,” Master’s thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 2008. 65, 67
[14] M. Topal and L. T. Ergene, “Designing a wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous machine,” Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Instanbul University, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1311–1317, 2011. 67
[15] S. Joshi, A. Patel, P. Patel, and V. Patel, “Wind energy - a brief survey with wind turbine simulations,” International Journal of Computer Communication and Information System ( IJCCIS), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 228–232, 2010.67
[16] B. Babu and K.B.Mohanty, “Doubly-fed induction generator for variable speed wind energy conversion systems-modeling and simulation,” International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.
141–147, 2010. 67
[17] A. D. Hansen, C. Jauch, P. Sørensen, F. Iov, and F. Blaabjerg, Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool DIgSILENT. Roskilde, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory, 2003. 68
[18] O. S. Mutlu, “Modeling wind farms in power system simulation studies: a review,” Journal of Naval Science and Engineering, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 47–67, 2012. 69
[19] A. Perdana, “Wind turbine models for power system stability studies,” Master’s thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, 2006. 69
[20] W. MathWorld, “Probability density function,” April 2013. [Online]. Available: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ProbabilityDensityFunction.html 69
[21] J. Zhou, E. Erdem, G. Li, and J. Shi, “Comprehensive evaluation of wind speed distribution models: A case study for north dakota sites,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1449–1458, 2010. 69, 70
[22] Z. Qin, W. Li, and X. Xiong, “Generation system reliability evaluation incorporating correlations of wind speeds with different distributions,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 551–558, 2013. 69
[23] E. C. Morgan, M. Lackner, R. M. Vogel, and L. G. Baise, “Probability distributionsfor offshore wind speeds,” Energy Conversion and Management,vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 15–26, 2011. 69
[24] I. Usta and Y. M. Kantar, “Analysis of some flexible families of distributionsfor estimation of wind speed distributions,” Applied Energy, vol. 89, no. 1,pp. 335–367, 2012. 70
[25] F. Chellali, A. Khellaf, A. Belouchrani, B. Batoun, and S. Boualit, “Theapplication of the maximum entropy function principle to fit the wind speeddistribution,” in Revue des Energies Renouvelables SMEE’10, 2010, pp. 107– 114. 70
[26] F. B. Amar and M. Elamouri, “A new theoretical model for modeling the windspeed frequency distribution,” International Journal Of Renewable EnergyResearch, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 306–313, 2011. 70
[27] A. Hua and B. Cheng, “Design and implementation of power converters forwind energy conversion system,” in 2010 International Power ElectronicsConference (IPEC), 2010, pp. 323–328. 71, 73
[28] S. M. Barakati, M. Kazerani, and J. D. Aplevich, “Maximum power trackingcontrol for a wind turbine system including a matrix converter,” IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 705–713, 2009. 71
[29] L. Max, “Energy evaluation for dc/dc converters in dc-based wind farms,”Master’s thesis, Chalmers University of technology, Goteborg, Sweden, 2007.71
[30] S. Kazmi, H. Goto, H.-J. Guo, and O. Ichinokura, “A novel algorithm for fastand efficient speed-sensorless maximum power point tracking in wind energyconversion systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58,no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2011. 73
[31] E. Koutroulis and K. Kalaitzakis, “Design of a maximum power trackingsystem for wind-energy-conversion applications,” IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 486–494, 2006. 73
[32] C. Patsios, Chaniotis, and A. A., Kladas, “A hybrid maximum power pointtracking system for grid-connected variable speed wind-generators,” in PowerElectronics Specialists Conference, PESC, 2008, 2008, pp. 1749 – 1754. 74
[33] J. S. Thongam, P. Bouchard, H. Ezzaidi, and M. Ouhrouche, “Artificial neuralnetwork-based maximum power point tracking control for variable speedwind energy conversion systems,” in 18th IEEE International Conference onControl Applications, 2009, pp. 1667 – 1671. 74
[34] H. Li, K.L.Shi, and P.G.McLaren, “Neural-network-based sensorless maximumwind energy capture with compensated power coefficient,” IEEE Transactionson Industry Applications, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1548–1556, 2005. 74, 75
[35] R. Wai, C. Lin, and Y. Chang, “Novel maximum-power-extraction algorithmfor pmsg wind generation system,” IET Power Electronics Applications,vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 275–283, 2007. 74
[36] M. Matsui, D. Xu, L. Kang, and Z. Yang, “Limit cycle based simple mpptcontrol scheme for a small sized wind turbine generator system-principle andexperimental verification,” in Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,IPEMC 2004, 2004, pp. 1746 – 1750. 75
[37] H. Yokoyama, F. Tatsuta, and S. Nishikata, “Tip speed ratio control of windturbine generating system connected in series,” in 2011 International ElectricalMachines and Systems (ICEMS), 2011, pp. 1 – 4. 75
[38] M. Pucci and M. Cirrincione, “Neural mppt control of wind generators with,”IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 37–47, 2011.75
[39] M. Yurdusev, R. Ata, and N. Cetin, “Assesment of optimum tip speed ratioin wind turbines using artificial neural networks,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 12, pp.2153–2161, 2006. 75
[40] M. Cirrincione, M. Pucci, and G. Vitale, “Growing neural gas-based mppt ofvariable pitch wind generators with induction machines,” IEEE Transactionson Industry Applications, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 1006–1016, 2012. 75
[41] S. A. Khan, M. I. Hossain, and M. J. Hossain, “Fuzzy logic based controlscheme for power optimization of a small wind turbine system with dc-dcconverter,” International Journal on Electronics & Communication Technology(IJECT), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 18–21, 2011. 75
[42] E. Adzic, Z. Ivanovic, M. Adzic, and V. Katic, “Maximum power search inwind turbine based on fuzzy logic control,” Acta Polytechnica Hungarica,vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131–149, 2009. 75
[43] Q.Wang and L. Chang, “An intelligent maximum power extraction algorithmfor inverter-based variable speed wind turbine systems,” IEEE Transactionson Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1242–1249, 2004. 76
[44] B. Masoud, “Modeling and controller design of a wind energy conversionsystem,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2008.76
[45] V. Galdi, A. Piccolo, and P. Siano, “Designing an adaptive fuzzy controllerfor maximum wind energy extraction,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 559–569, 2008. 77
[46] R. Hilloowala and A. M. Sharaf, “A rule-based fuzzy logic controller for a pwminverter in a stand alone wind energy conversion scheme,” IEEE Transactionson Industry Applications, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 57–65, 1996. 77
[47] R. Llorente, R. Lacal, and M. Aguado, “Power electronics evolution in windturbines - a market-based analysis,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4982–4993, 2011. 77
[48] C. Zhe, J. Guerrero, and F. Blaabjerg, “A review of the state of the art ofpower electronics for wind turbines,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1859–1875, 2009. 77
[49] Q. Zhipeng, Z. Keliang, and L. Yingtao, “Modeling and control of dioderectifier fed pmsg based wind turbine,” in 4th International conference onelectric utilityderegulation and restructuring and power technologies, 2011,pp. 1384–1388. 77
[50] E. A. Bossanyi, “The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines,”Wind Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 149–163, 2001. 78
[51] T. Burton, D. Sharpe, N. Jenkins, and E. Bossanyi, Wind Energy Handbook.Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons, 2001. 78
[52] Y. Guo, S. H. Hosseini, C. Y. Tang, J. N. Jiang, and R. G. Ramakumar,“An approximate wind turbine control system model for wind farm powercontrol,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 262–274, 2013. 78
[53] W. Dinghui, X. Lili, and J. Zhicheng, “Fuzzy adaptive control for wind energyconversion system based on model reference,” in Control and DecisionConference, 2009. CCDC ’09, 2009, pp. 1783–1787. 78
[54] C. Xia, Z. Wang, T. Shi, and X. He, “An improved control strategy of tripleline-voltage cascaded voltage source converter based on proportional resonantcontroller,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 7, pp.2894–2908, 2013. 78
[55] E. Kamal, M. Bayart, and A. Aitouche, “Robust control of wind energy conversionsystems,” in Communications, Computing and Control Applications(CCCA), 2011, pp. 1–6. 78
[56] W.-M. Lin, C.-M. Hong, and F.-S. Cheng, “Design of intelligent controllersfor wind generation system with sensorless maximum wind energy control,”Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1086–1096, 2010. 78
[57] C. N. Bhende, S. Mishra, and S. G. Malla, “Permanent magnet synchronousgenerator-based standalone wind energy supply system,” IEEE TRANSACTIONSON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 361–373, October2011. 79