Encadenamientos productivos en el sureste de Asia: integración a las redes globales con empresas locales
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Keywords
Sureste de Asia, encadenamientos productivos, aglomeraciones industriales, cluster, política industrial
Resumen
El artículo presenta un panorama general de las políticas industriales en el Sureste de Asia y sus implicaciones en la formación de aglomeraciones económicas y el encadenamiento de empresas locales en procesos internacionales de producción. Se destacan las diferentes formas de asimilación del capitalismo en la región y las trayectorias de industrialización que determinan su vinculación con el capital internacional. Singapur destaca como un caso de éxito en la inserción al proceso productivo internacional gracias a su política industrial. En el caso extremo, Tailandia también se propuso desarrollar clusters industriales para atraer capital y desarrollar industria nacional, pero las políticas nacionalistas y la concentración económica inhibieron ese propósito. Malasia y Vietnam son casos intermedios de éxito en el aprovechamiento de las cadenas y redes de producción internacional, pero todavía deben impulsar maneras de desarrollar tecnología propia que les permita reducir la dependencia a las empresas transnacionales. El reto principal de estos países es la formación de capital humano para integrarse a las etapas de creación de valor y evadir las desventajas de la fragmentación del capitalismo global.
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