Modelos de internacionalización de las multilatinas
Main Article Content
Keywords
Multilatinas, Empresas Multinacionales Emergentes (EMNEs), economías en vías de desarrollo, patrones de internacionalización, liberalización económica, JEL F21, F23.
Resumen
El presente trabajo aborda un tema que ha ido ganando importancia en el mundo actual: las Multilatinas. Estas empresas han surgido de las economías en desarrollo de América Latina y durante las últimas décadas han crecido exponencialmente tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional.A través de este trabajo se estudia la importancia de las Multilatinas en la región, sus características comunes y sus procesos de internacionalización con el fin de identificar si existe un patrón común en sus movimientos internacionales. De hecho, la apertura económica que vivió América Latina en los años 90 dejó dos opciones para las empresas: modernizarse o desaparecer. Por lo tanto, las Multilatinas son las sobrevivientes de este fenómeno que se desarrolló en condiciones adversas a través de un proceso de “Aprender-haciendo”.
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Referencias
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América economía (2011). Ranking Multilatinas 2011. Retrieved from http://rankings.america economia.com/2011/multilatinas/ranking-multilatinas-completo.php.
Bamrud, J. (2011a). Brazil: Latin America's Superpower. Latin Trade (English), 19(2), 32-40.
Bamrud, J. (2011b). Latin America's Decade. Latin Trade (English), 19(2), 42-43.
Barcellos, E.P., Cyrino, Á.B., Oliveira Júnior, M.d.M., & Fleury, M.T.L. (2010). Does Internationalization Pay off? A Study of the Perceived Benefits and Financial Performance of the International Operations of Brazilian Companies. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad & Gobernabilidad, 4(3), 38-61.
BCG. (2009). The 2009 BCG 100 New Global Challengers. Boston: The Boston Consulting Group.
Carneiro, J., da Rocha, A., & da Silva, J.F. (2009). The International Expansion of Firms from Emerging Markets: Toward a Typology of Brazilian MNEs. Latin American Business Review, 10(2/3), 95-115.
Casanova, L. (2009). Global Latinas: Latin America’s emerging multinationals. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Casanova, L. (2010). Las Multinacionales Latinoamericanas en los Albores de una Gran Oportunidad. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 50(4), 439-445.
Casanova, L., & Fraser, M. (2009). From Multilatinas to Global Latinas. The Latin American Multinationals (Compilation Case Studies). Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper. Washington, DC: IDB.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2007a). Liberalización Económica y Multilatinas. Globalization, Competitiveness and Governance, 1(1), 66-87.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2007b). Sequence of value-added activities in the multinationalization of developing country firms. Journal of International Management, 13(3), 258-77.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2008). The multinationalization of developing country MNEs: The case of Multilatinas. Journal of International Management, 14(2), 138-54.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. & Genc, M. (2008). Transforming disadvantages into advantages: developing-country MNEs in the least developed countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6), 957-79.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á., Maloney, M. M., & Manrakhan, S. (2007). Causes of the Difficulties in Internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 709-25.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2010). Multilatinas. (Spanish). Multilatinas. (English), 25, 14-33.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á., & Liberman, L. (2010). International Business Research and Latin America. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad & Gobernabilidad, 4(3), 16-23.
Cyrino, A., Penido, E., & Tanure, B. (2008). International trajectories of Brazilian companies: Empirical contribution to the debate on the importance of distance. Emerging Multinationals: Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Emerging and Developing Economies, Copenhagen. Annals of the Emerging Multinational Conference.
da Rocha, A. & da Silva, J.F. (2009). The Internationalization of Brazilian Firms: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Latin American Business Review, 10(2/3), 61-71.
Deutsche Bank Research. (2007). The emergence of Latin Multinationals, Frankfurt am Main.
Doz, Y., Santos, J., & Williamson, P. (2001). From Global to Metanational: How Companies Win in the Knowledge Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Dunning, J.H. (1979). Explaining Changing Patterns of International Production: In Defense of the Eclectic Theory. Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, 41(4), 269-95.
Dunning, J.H. (2006). Comment on Dragon multinationals: New players in 21st century Globalization. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(2), 139-141.
Dunning, J.H. (2006). Towards a new paradigm of development: implications for the determinants of international business. Transnational corporations, 15(1), 173-227.
Dunning, J.H. & Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational Enterprise and the Global Economy. Second ed. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dunning, J.H., Kim, C., & Park, D. (2008). Old Wine in New Bottles: A comparison of emerging-market TNCs today and developed-country TNCs thirty years ago. In: Sauvant, K.P. (Ed.). The Rise of Transnational Corporations from Emerging Markets: Threat or opportunity? (pp. 1-416). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Inc., Williston.
ECLAC. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: United Nations Publications.
Economist Intelligence Unit. (2007). Investment Trends: Multilatinas. Business Latin America, 1(1), 4-6.
Fleury, A., Fleury, M.T.L., & Reis, G.G. (2010). El camino se hace al andar: La trayectoria de las multinacionales brasileñas. (Spanish). The Path is Made by Walking: The Trajectory of Brazilian Multinationals. (English), 25, 34-55.
Forsgren, M. (2008). Theories of the multinational firm: A multidimensional creature in the global economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Ghemawat, P. (2007). Redefining Global Strategy: Crossing Borders in a World Where Differences Still Matter. Boston: Harvard Business School Press Books.
Gemunden, H., & Ritter, T. (2003). Inter-organizational relationships and networks. Journal of Business Research, 56(9), 691-697.
Goldstein, A. (2009). Multinational Companies from Emerging Economies Composition, Conceptualization & Direction in the Global Economy. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(1), 137-47.
Goldstein, A. (2010). The Emergence of Multilatinas: The Petrobras Experience (English). La aparición de las Multilatinas: La experiencia de Petrobras (Spanish). 25, 98-111.
González-Pérez, M.A. (2010, July 7). Multilatinas, mucho qué aprender. Dinero.com. Retrieved from http://www.dinero.com/opinion/opinion-on-line/articulo/multilatinas-mucho-aprend
er/98924.
Guerrero, A. (2011). Multilatinas Extend Their Reach Into Developed Markets. Global Finance, 25(6), 8-8.
Guillén, M.F., & García-Canal, E. (2010). The New Multinationals: Spanish Firms in a Global Context. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Heenan, D.A., & Perlmutter, H.V. (1979). Multinational Organization Development. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Hymer, S. (1976). The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The MIT Press.
Ietto-Gillies, G. (2005). Transnational corporations and international production: Concepts, Theories, and Effects. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial de la Argentina (IDEA). (2005). Sesión inaugural: Estrategias empresarias para competir en el mundo. Coloquio Anual de IDEA: 17-19.
Iversen, C. (1935). Aspects of the Theory of International Capital Movements. London: Oxford University Press.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J-E. (1977). The Internationalization Process of the Firm: A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 25-34.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J-E. (1990). The Mechanism of Internationalism. International Marketing Review, 7(4), 11.
Johanson, J., & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The Internationalization of the Firm: Four Swedish Cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305-22.
Li, P.P. (2003). Toward a geocentric theory of multinational evolution: The implications from the Asian MNEs as latecomers. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20(2), 217-242.
Loncan, T., & Meucci, W. (2010). Degree of Internationalization and performance: Evidence from emerging Brazilian multinational firms. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 4(1), 40-51.
Lucea, R., & Lessard, D. (2010). ¿Cómo mantienen su ventaja competitiva las multinacionales de economías emergentes? El caso de CEMEX. Universia Business Review, 25, 76-96.
Marketing Power. (2004). Latin American firms ramp up consolidation. Marketing News, 38(5), 58-58.
Ramamurti, R., & Singh, J.V. (2010). Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rivera, R., & Soto, R. (2010). Empresas Multilatinas: Caracterización y Examen de Casos de Interés. Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Escuela de Economía y Administración. Retrieved from http://www.tesis.uchile.cl/tesis/u chile/2010/ec-rivera_ra/pdfAmont/ec-rivera_ra.pdf
Santiso, J. (2008). La emergencia de las Multilatinas. Revista de la CEPAL, 95, 7-30.
Sirkin, H. L. (2010, December 28). Enter the ‘Multilatinas’. BusinessWeek.com. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/dec2010/ca20101213_949366.htm
Toledo, R. (2008). The Rise of the Multilatinas. PM Network, 22(9), 28-29.
Vargas-Hernández, J.G., & Reza Noruzi, M. (2010). An Exploration of the Status of Emerging Multinational Enterprises in Mexico. International Business & Management, 1(1), 7-15.
Van Agtmael, A. (2007). The Emerging Markets Century: How a New Breed of World-Class Companies Is Overtaking the World. Nueva York: Free Press.
América economía (2011). Ranking Multilatinas 2011. Retrieved from http://rankings.america economia.com/2011/multilatinas/ranking-multilatinas-completo.php.
Bamrud, J. (2011a). Brazil: Latin America's Superpower. Latin Trade (English), 19(2), 32-40.
Bamrud, J. (2011b). Latin America's Decade. Latin Trade (English), 19(2), 42-43.
Barcellos, E.P., Cyrino, Á.B., Oliveira Júnior, M.d.M., & Fleury, M.T.L. (2010). Does Internationalization Pay off? A Study of the Perceived Benefits and Financial Performance of the International Operations of Brazilian Companies. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad & Gobernabilidad, 4(3), 38-61.
BCG. (2009). The 2009 BCG 100 New Global Challengers. Boston: The Boston Consulting Group.
Carneiro, J., da Rocha, A., & da Silva, J.F. (2009). The International Expansion of Firms from Emerging Markets: Toward a Typology of Brazilian MNEs. Latin American Business Review, 10(2/3), 95-115.
Casanova, L. (2009). Global Latinas: Latin America’s emerging multinationals. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Casanova, L. (2010). Las Multinacionales Latinoamericanas en los Albores de una Gran Oportunidad. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 50(4), 439-445.
Casanova, L., & Fraser, M. (2009). From Multilatinas to Global Latinas. The Latin American Multinationals (Compilation Case Studies). Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper. Washington, DC: IDB.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2007a). Liberalización Económica y Multilatinas. Globalization, Competitiveness and Governance, 1(1), 66-87.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2007b). Sequence of value-added activities in the multinationalization of developing country firms. Journal of International Management, 13(3), 258-77.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2008). The multinationalization of developing country MNEs: The case of Multilatinas. Journal of International Management, 14(2), 138-54.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. & Genc, M. (2008). Transforming disadvantages into advantages: developing-country MNEs in the least developed countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6), 957-79.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á., Maloney, M. M., & Manrakhan, S. (2007). Causes of the Difficulties in Internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 709-25.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á. (2010). Multilatinas. (Spanish). Multilatinas. (English), 25, 14-33.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Á., & Liberman, L. (2010). International Business Research and Latin America. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad & Gobernabilidad, 4(3), 16-23.
Cyrino, A., Penido, E., & Tanure, B. (2008). International trajectories of Brazilian companies: Empirical contribution to the debate on the importance of distance. Emerging Multinationals: Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Emerging and Developing Economies, Copenhagen. Annals of the Emerging Multinational Conference.
da Rocha, A. & da Silva, J.F. (2009). The Internationalization of Brazilian Firms: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Latin American Business Review, 10(2/3), 61-71.
Deutsche Bank Research. (2007). The emergence of Latin Multinationals, Frankfurt am Main.
Doz, Y., Santos, J., & Williamson, P. (2001). From Global to Metanational: How Companies Win in the Knowledge Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Dunning, J.H. (1979). Explaining Changing Patterns of International Production: In Defense of the Eclectic Theory. Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, 41(4), 269-95.
Dunning, J.H. (2006). Comment on Dragon multinationals: New players in 21st century Globalization. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(2), 139-141.
Dunning, J.H. (2006). Towards a new paradigm of development: implications for the determinants of international business. Transnational corporations, 15(1), 173-227.
Dunning, J.H. & Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational Enterprise and the Global Economy. Second ed. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dunning, J.H., Kim, C., & Park, D. (2008). Old Wine in New Bottles: A comparison of emerging-market TNCs today and developed-country TNCs thirty years ago. In: Sauvant, K.P. (Ed.). The Rise of Transnational Corporations from Emerging Markets: Threat or opportunity? (pp. 1-416). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Inc., Williston.
ECLAC. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: United Nations Publications.
Economist Intelligence Unit. (2007). Investment Trends: Multilatinas. Business Latin America, 1(1), 4-6.
Fleury, A., Fleury, M.T.L., & Reis, G.G. (2010). El camino se hace al andar: La trayectoria de las multinacionales brasileñas. (Spanish). The Path is Made by Walking: The Trajectory of Brazilian Multinationals. (English), 25, 34-55.
Forsgren, M. (2008). Theories of the multinational firm: A multidimensional creature in the global economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Ghemawat, P. (2007). Redefining Global Strategy: Crossing Borders in a World Where Differences Still Matter. Boston: Harvard Business School Press Books.
Gemunden, H., & Ritter, T. (2003). Inter-organizational relationships and networks. Journal of Business Research, 56(9), 691-697.
Goldstein, A. (2009). Multinational Companies from Emerging Economies Composition, Conceptualization & Direction in the Global Economy. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(1), 137-47.
Goldstein, A. (2010). The Emergence of Multilatinas: The Petrobras Experience (English). La aparición de las Multilatinas: La experiencia de Petrobras (Spanish). 25, 98-111.
González-Pérez, M.A. (2010, July 7). Multilatinas, mucho qué aprender. Dinero.com. Retrieved from http://www.dinero.com/opinion/opinion-on-line/articulo/multilatinas-mucho-aprend
er/98924.
Guerrero, A. (2011). Multilatinas Extend Their Reach Into Developed Markets. Global Finance, 25(6), 8-8.
Guillén, M.F., & García-Canal, E. (2010). The New Multinationals: Spanish Firms in a Global Context. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Heenan, D.A., & Perlmutter, H.V. (1979). Multinational Organization Development. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Hymer, S. (1976). The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The MIT Press.
Ietto-Gillies, G. (2005). Transnational corporations and international production: Concepts, Theories, and Effects. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial de la Argentina (IDEA). (2005). Sesión inaugural: Estrategias empresarias para competir en el mundo. Coloquio Anual de IDEA: 17-19.
Iversen, C. (1935). Aspects of the Theory of International Capital Movements. London: Oxford University Press.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J-E. (1977). The Internationalization Process of the Firm: A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 25-34.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J-E. (1990). The Mechanism of Internationalism. International Marketing Review, 7(4), 11.
Johanson, J., & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The Internationalization of the Firm: Four Swedish Cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305-22.
Li, P.P. (2003). Toward a geocentric theory of multinational evolution: The implications from the Asian MNEs as latecomers. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20(2), 217-242.
Loncan, T., & Meucci, W. (2010). Degree of Internationalization and performance: Evidence from emerging Brazilian multinational firms. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 4(1), 40-51.
Lucea, R., & Lessard, D. (2010). ¿Cómo mantienen su ventaja competitiva las multinacionales de economías emergentes? El caso de CEMEX. Universia Business Review, 25, 76-96.
Marketing Power. (2004). Latin American firms ramp up consolidation. Marketing News, 38(5), 58-58.
Ramamurti, R., & Singh, J.V. (2010). Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rivera, R., & Soto, R. (2010). Empresas Multilatinas: Caracterización y Examen de Casos de Interés. Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Escuela de Economía y Administración. Retrieved from http://www.tesis.uchile.cl/tesis/u chile/2010/ec-rivera_ra/pdfAmont/ec-rivera_ra.pdf
Santiso, J. (2008). La emergencia de las Multilatinas. Revista de la CEPAL, 95, 7-30.
Sirkin, H. L. (2010, December 28). Enter the ‘Multilatinas’. BusinessWeek.com. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/dec2010/ca20101213_949366.htm
Toledo, R. (2008). The Rise of the Multilatinas. PM Network, 22(9), 28-29.
Vargas-Hernández, J.G., & Reza Noruzi, M. (2010). An Exploration of the Status of Emerging Multinational Enterprises in Mexico. International Business & Management, 1(1), 7-15.
Van Agtmael, A. (2007). The Emerging Markets Century: How a New Breed of World-Class Companies Is Overtaking the World. Nueva York: Free Press.