Desempleo Tecnológico: una aproximación al caso Latinoamericano

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Andrés Aguilera http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-7047
María Gabriela Ramos Barrera http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-5608

Keywords

Innovación tecnológica, desempleo, inversión en ciencia y tecnología

Resumen

Avances recientes en Inteligencia Artificial (IA), robótica, sistemas de control, software y tecnologías relacionadas han revivido el debate sobre la influencia que la tecnología ejerce en el mercado laboral. Hasta el momento, el enfoque de la literatura se ha dado en economías avanzadas. Este artículo busca describir y comparar las siguientes variables: gasto doméstico en ciencia y tecnología, PIB per cápita, salario mínimo nominal, gasto doméstico en educación en siete economías latinoamericanas y su impacto en la tasa de desempleo durante el periodo 1996 a 2011. Se usaron datos panel para medir la relación de las variables con las tasas de desempleo en la región. Los resultados nos permitieron concluir que la inversión en ciencia y tecnología en la región no ha alcanzado niveles que reduzcan potencialmente el empleo; por el contrario, la innovación es vista como una fuente de ganancias en productividad en la mano de obra. Las implicaciones más amplias de la tecnología y la automatización todavía no son evidentes, sin embargo, tanto las firmas como el sector público en la región deben prepararse para el desempleo tecnológico masivo que se ha estimado en modelos recientes.

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