El impacto del gasto público en educación en el crecimiento económico de Irán
Main Article Content
Keywords
Wagner, Keynes, total de gastos, gastos educativos, gasto público, ARDL, ECM.
Resumen
Utilizando datos anuales de la economía de Irán desde 1981 hasta 2012, este estudio examina la Ley de Wagner y la hipótesis keynesiana en cuanto a la relación entre el gasto público real y el PIB real. En este aspecto, este artículo investigó la relación entre el gasto público total, el PIB y la relación entre el gasto público en educación y el PIB usando modelos bivariables y multivariables. El modelo multivariable es utilizado para reducir los errores específicos que no han sido considerados en muchos estudios. La co-integración fue examinada utilizando el modelo autorregresivo con retardos distribuidos (ARDL, por sus siglas en inglés) tanto para las relaciones a largo como a corto plazo. Al realizar las estimaciones de la perspectiva de Wagner, las variables: PIB real, capital social y fuerza laboral, tuvieron, respectivamen- te, un efecto positivo, negativo y positivo en el total del gasto del gobierno y la relación de largo plazo es verdadera en este sentido. Adicionalmente, en la estimación del modelo keynesiano, los gastos educati- vos, a diferencia de los gastos públicos reales, tuvieron una relación de largo plazo. Además, la variable capital, en ambos modelos tuvo un efecto similar en el PIB real y el coeficiente de fuerza laboral en presencia de los gastos totales y los gastos en educación fueron negativos y positivos, respectivamente.
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Referencias
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Afxentiou, P. C., & Serletis, A., (1996). Government expenditure in the European Union: do they converge or follow Wagner’s Law?. International Economic Journal, 10, 33–47.
Akitoby, B., Clements, B., Gupta, S., & Inchauste, G., (2006). Public spending, voracity and Wagner’s law in developing countries. European Journal of Political Economy 22(4), 908–924.
Al-Yousif, Y. K. (2008). Education expenditure and economic growth: some empirical evidence from the GCC Countries, J Dev Areas 42(1), 69–80.
Annabi, Nabil, Harvey, Simon and Lan, Yu., (2011). Public expenditures on education, human capital and growth in Canada: An OLG model analysis. Journal of Policy Modeling, 33(6), 852–865.
Ansari, M. I., Gordon, D. V., & Akuamoah, C., (1997). Keynes versus Wagner: public expenditure and national income for three African countries. Applied Economics, 29(4), 543–550.
Babatunde, M. A., (2011). A bound testing analysis of Wagner’s law in Nigeria: 1970–2006. Applied Economics, 43(21), 2843-2850.
Barro, R., (1990). Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth. Journal of Political Economy 98(5) 103–125.
Barro, R., (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (2), 407–443.
Biswal, B., Dhawan, U., & Hooi-Yean, L., (1999). Testing Wagner versus Keynes using disaggregated public expenditure data for Canada. Applied Economics, 31(10), 1283–1291.
Blankenau, W., & Simpson, N. B., (2004). Public education expenditures and growth. Journal of Development Economics 73(2), 583–605.
Chang, T., (2002). An econometric test of Wagner’s law for six countries based on cointegration and error correction modelling techniques. Applied Economics, 34(9), 1157–1169.
Chow, Y-F., Cotsomitist, J. A., & Kwan, A. C. C., (2002), Multivariate cointegration and causality tests of Wagner’s hypothesis: evidence from the UK. Applied Economics, 34(13), 1671–1677.
Devlin, N., & Hansen, P., (2001). Health care spending and economic output: granger causality. Applied Economics Lett, 8(8), 561–564.
Dissou, Y., Didic, S. & Yakautsava, T., (2016). Government spending on education, human capital accumulation and growth. Economic Modelling 58, 9-21.
Dritsaki, C., & Dritsaki, M., (2010). Government Expenditure and National Income: Causality Tests for Twelve New Members of E.E. The Romanian Economic Journal, Year XIII, (38), 67- 89.
Durevall, D., & Henrekson, M., (2011). The futile quest for a grand explanation of long-run government expenditure. Journal of Public Economics, 95, 708 –722.
Gandhi, V. P., (1971), Wagner’s law of public expenditure: do recent cross section studies confirm it?. Public Financ, 26 (1), 44–56.
Goffman, I. J., (1968). On the empirical testing of Wagner’s law: a technical note. Public Financ 23, 359–364.
Govindaraju, V. G. R., Chandran, Rao, Ramesh, & Anwar, Sajid, (2011). Economic growth and government spending in Malaysia: a re-examination of Wagner and Keynesian views. Economic Change and Restructuring, 44, 203–219.
Grubb, W, N., & Michelson, S., (1974). States and schools: the political economy of public school finance. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Guthrie, J. W.
Gupta, SP., (1967). Public expenditure and economic growth: a time series analysis. Public Financ, 22, 423–466.
Gupta, Sanjeew. Verhoeven, Marijn. (2001). The efficiency of government expenditure Experiences from Africa. Journal of Policy Modeling, 23(4), 433– 467.
Halicioglu, F., (2003). Testing Wagner’s law for Turkey, 1960–200. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 1(2), 129–140.
Huang, C, J., (2006). Testing Wagner’s law using bounds test and a new granger non-causality test: evidence for Taiwan. Journal of American Academy of Business, 8(2), 86–90.
Inder., (1993). Estimating long-run relationships in economics: a comparison of different approaches. Journal of Econometrics 57, 53–68.
Jung, H.S. & Thorbecke, E. (2003). The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, growth, and poverty in Tanzania and Zambia: a general equilibrium approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 25(8),701–72.
Jurges, H., Schneider, K., (2004). International differences in student achievement: an economic perspective. German Economic Review, 5(3), 357–380.
Kolluri, B, R., Panik, M, J., & Wahab, M., (2000). Government expenditure and economic growth: evidence from G7 countries. Applied Economics, 32, 1059–1068.
Levy, J. V. Clements, B. (1996). Public education expenditure and private investment in developing countries. Economic Letters, 53(3). 331-336.
Magazzino, C., (2012). Wagner versus Keynes: Public spending and national income in Italy. Journal of Policy Modeling 34, 890–905.
Narayan, P, K, Nielsen, I, & Smyth, R., (2008). Panel data, cointegration, causality and Wagner’s law: empirical evidence from Chinese provinces. China Econ Rev 19, 297–307.
Peacock, A, & Scott, A., (2000). The curious attraction of Wagner’s law. Public Choice, 102(1/2), 1–17.
Peacock, A, T., & Wiseman, J., (1961). The growth of public expenditure in the United Kingdom. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Pesaran, MH., Shin, Y., (1999). An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. In: Strom S (ed) Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century: the Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Prasetyo, A. D. & Zuhdi, U., (2013). The Government Expenditure Efficiency towards the human development. Procedia Economics and Finance 5, 615-622.
Qi, J. (2016). Government Education Expenditure, Third-party Spillover Effect and Economic Growth in China. Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(2), 145-152.
Ram, R. (1987). Wagner's hypothesis in time-series and cross-section perspectives: Evidence from" real" data for 115 countries. The review of Economics and Statistics, 69(2),194-204.
Ram, R., (1986). Causality between income and government expenditure: a broad international perspective. Public Finance 41, 393–414.
Ranjan, R., & chintu, A. K., (2013). An Application of Wagner’s Law in the Indian Economy: 1970-71 to 2010-11. Knowledge Horizons – Economics, 5(4), 138–144.
Rehme, G., (2007). Education, economic growth and measured income inequality. Economica 74(295), 493–514.
Romer, P., (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71–102.
Samudram, M., Nair, M., & Vaithilingam, S., (2009). Keynes and Wagner on government expenditures and economic development: the case of a developing economy. Empir Econ, 36 (3), 697–712.
Thornton, J., (1999). Cointegration, causality and Wagner’s law in 19th century Europe. Applied Economics Lett, 6 (7), 413–416.
Wahab, M., (2004). Economic growth and government expenditure: evidence from a new test specification. Applied Economics, 36, 2125–2135.
Wolff, E. N., (2015). Educational expenditures and student performance among OECD countries. Structural change and Economic Dynamics 33, 37-57.
Afxentiou, P. C., & Serletis, A., (1996). Government expenditure in the European Union: do they converge or follow Wagner’s Law?. International Economic Journal, 10, 33–47.
Akitoby, B., Clements, B., Gupta, S., & Inchauste, G., (2006). Public spending, voracity and Wagner’s law in developing countries. European Journal of Political Economy 22(4), 908–924.
Al-Yousif, Y. K. (2008). Education expenditure and economic growth: some empirical evidence from the GCC Countries, J Dev Areas 42(1), 69–80.
Annabi, Nabil, Harvey, Simon and Lan, Yu., (2011). Public expenditures on education, human capital and growth in Canada: An OLG model analysis. Journal of Policy Modeling, 33(6), 852–865.
Ansari, M. I., Gordon, D. V., & Akuamoah, C., (1997). Keynes versus Wagner: public expenditure and national income for three African countries. Applied Economics, 29(4), 543–550.
Babatunde, M. A., (2011). A bound testing analysis of Wagner’s law in Nigeria: 1970–2006. Applied Economics, 43(21), 2843-2850.
Barro, R., (1990). Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth. Journal of Political Economy 98(5) 103–125.
Barro, R., (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (2), 407–443.
Biswal, B., Dhawan, U., & Hooi-Yean, L., (1999). Testing Wagner versus Keynes using disaggregated public expenditure data for Canada. Applied Economics, 31(10), 1283–1291.
Blankenau, W., & Simpson, N. B., (2004). Public education expenditures and growth. Journal of Development Economics 73(2), 583–605.
Chang, T., (2002). An econometric test of Wagner’s law for six countries based on cointegration and error correction modelling techniques. Applied Economics, 34(9), 1157–1169.
Chow, Y-F., Cotsomitist, J. A., & Kwan, A. C. C., (2002), Multivariate cointegration and causality tests of Wagner’s hypothesis: evidence from the UK. Applied Economics, 34(13), 1671–1677.
Devlin, N., & Hansen, P., (2001). Health care spending and economic output: granger causality. Applied Economics Lett, 8(8), 561–564.
Dissou, Y., Didic, S. & Yakautsava, T., (2016). Government spending on education, human capital accumulation and growth. Economic Modelling 58, 9-21.
Dritsaki, C., & Dritsaki, M., (2010). Government Expenditure and National Income: Causality Tests for Twelve New Members of E.E. The Romanian Economic Journal, Year XIII, (38), 67- 89.
Durevall, D., & Henrekson, M., (2011). The futile quest for a grand explanation of long-run government expenditure. Journal of Public Economics, 95, 708 –722.
Gandhi, V. P., (1971), Wagner’s law of public expenditure: do recent cross section studies confirm it?. Public Financ, 26 (1), 44–56.
Goffman, I. J., (1968). On the empirical testing of Wagner’s law: a technical note. Public Financ 23, 359–364.
Govindaraju, V. G. R., Chandran, Rao, Ramesh, & Anwar, Sajid, (2011). Economic growth and government spending in Malaysia: a re-examination of Wagner and Keynesian views. Economic Change and Restructuring, 44, 203–219.
Grubb, W, N., & Michelson, S., (1974). States and schools: the political economy of public school finance. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Guthrie, J. W.
Gupta, SP., (1967). Public expenditure and economic growth: a time series analysis. Public Financ, 22, 423–466.
Gupta, Sanjeew. Verhoeven, Marijn. (2001). The efficiency of government expenditure Experiences from Africa. Journal of Policy Modeling, 23(4), 433– 467.
Halicioglu, F., (2003). Testing Wagner’s law for Turkey, 1960–200. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 1(2), 129–140.
Huang, C, J., (2006). Testing Wagner’s law using bounds test and a new granger non-causality test: evidence for Taiwan. Journal of American Academy of Business, 8(2), 86–90.
Inder., (1993). Estimating long-run relationships in economics: a comparison of different approaches. Journal of Econometrics 57, 53–68.
Jung, H.S. & Thorbecke, E. (2003). The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, growth, and poverty in Tanzania and Zambia: a general equilibrium approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 25(8),701–72.
Jurges, H., Schneider, K., (2004). International differences in student achievement: an economic perspective. German Economic Review, 5(3), 357–380.
Kolluri, B, R., Panik, M, J., & Wahab, M., (2000). Government expenditure and economic growth: evidence from G7 countries. Applied Economics, 32, 1059–1068.
Levy, J. V. Clements, B. (1996). Public education expenditure and private investment in developing countries. Economic Letters, 53(3). 331-336.
Magazzino, C., (2012). Wagner versus Keynes: Public spending and national income in Italy. Journal of Policy Modeling 34, 890–905.
Narayan, P, K, Nielsen, I, & Smyth, R., (2008). Panel data, cointegration, causality and Wagner’s law: empirical evidence from Chinese provinces. China Econ Rev 19, 297–307.
Peacock, A, & Scott, A., (2000). The curious attraction of Wagner’s law. Public Choice, 102(1/2), 1–17.
Peacock, A, T., & Wiseman, J., (1961). The growth of public expenditure in the United Kingdom. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Pesaran, MH., Shin, Y., (1999). An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. In: Strom S (ed) Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century: the Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Prasetyo, A. D. & Zuhdi, U., (2013). The Government Expenditure Efficiency towards the human development. Procedia Economics and Finance 5, 615-622.
Qi, J. (2016). Government Education Expenditure, Third-party Spillover Effect and Economic Growth in China. Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(2), 145-152.
Ram, R. (1987). Wagner's hypothesis in time-series and cross-section perspectives: Evidence from" real" data for 115 countries. The review of Economics and Statistics, 69(2),194-204.
Ram, R., (1986). Causality between income and government expenditure: a broad international perspective. Public Finance 41, 393–414.
Ranjan, R., & chintu, A. K., (2013). An Application of Wagner’s Law in the Indian Economy: 1970-71 to 2010-11. Knowledge Horizons – Economics, 5(4), 138–144.
Rehme, G., (2007). Education, economic growth and measured income inequality. Economica 74(295), 493–514.
Romer, P., (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71–102.
Samudram, M., Nair, M., & Vaithilingam, S., (2009). Keynes and Wagner on government expenditures and economic development: the case of a developing economy. Empir Econ, 36 (3), 697–712.
Thornton, J., (1999). Cointegration, causality and Wagner’s law in 19th century Europe. Applied Economics Lett, 6 (7), 413–416.
Wahab, M., (2004). Economic growth and government expenditure: evidence from a new test specification. Applied Economics, 36, 2125–2135.
Wolff, E. N., (2015). Educational expenditures and student performance among OECD countries. Structural change and Economic Dynamics 33, 37-57.
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Publicado
feb 28, 2017
Article Details
Cómo citar
Jeyhoon Tabar, F., Najafi, Z., & Sistani Badooei, Y. (2017). El impacto del gasto público en educación en el crecimiento económico de Irán. AD-Minister, (30), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.30.11
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Biografía del autor/a
Fozieh Jeyhoon Tabar, Universidad de Kerman Shahid Bahonar
Lecturer in Baft Higher Education Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. She has several publications in national and international journals and participated in several conferences. Her main areas of interest are: public finance, public choice, fiscal illusion, institutions, economic development and private sector development.Zahra Najafi, Universidad de Kermanshah
Lecturer in Payam-e-Noor University of Kermanshah. She has several publications in national and in- ternational journals and participated in several conferences. Her main areas of interest are: international trade, public finance, and institutions.Yaser Sistani Badooei, Universidad de Kerman Shahid Bahonar
Lecturer and Researcher at the Department of Economics, Baft Higher Education Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. He has several publications in national and international journals and participated in several conferences. yaser is author some of academic articles in economics in Persian and English. His main areas of interest are: financial economy, econometrics, economic development, urban economics and energy economy.Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
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