Características y determinantes de mujeres empresarias en Puerto Rico: una mirada inicial
Main Article Content
Keywords
mujeres, emprendimiento, GEM, Puerto Rico
Resumen
Este artículo describe las características y determinantes de mujeres empresarias en Puerto Rico para el 2007. El estudio utiliza los datos de la Encuesta de la Población Adulta del Proyecto de Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM, por sus siglas en inglés). Se encontró que las mujeres empresarias en Puerto Rico tienden a ser dueñas únicas de sus negocios, tienen muchos competidores locales, y usualmente no exportan sus bienes o servicios fuera de la Isla. La motivación primaria para empezar el negocio fue tener una oportunidad de negocio junto a una meta personal de mayor independencia en el lugar de trabajo. La educación es un determinante fundamental de ser empresaria en Puerto Rico.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Referencias
Acs, Z., & J.E. (October 2008). Entrepreneurship and competitiveness dynamics in Latin America. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 305-322. DOI 10.1007/s11187-008-9133-y
Ahl, H. (September 2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595-621. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00138.x
Amorós, J.E. (2011). El proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): Una aproximación desde el contexto Latinoamericano. Academia: Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 46, 1-25. Available at: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=71617238002
Anna, A. L., Chandler, G. N., Jansen, E, & Mero, N. P. (2000). Women business owners in traditional and nontraditional industries. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 279–303. DOI 10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00012-3
Bird, B. (1989). Entrepreneurial behavior. Glenville, IL: Scott Foresman.
Birkbeck, C. (September–October 1978). Self-employed proletarians in an informal factory: The case of Cali’s Garbage Dump. World Development, 6(9-10), 1173-1185.DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(78)90071-2
Birley, S. (1989). Female entrepreneurs: Are they really different? Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 32 -37.
Blanchflower, D.G. & Oswald, A. J. (1998). What makes an entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60.
Bosma, N., Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., Coduras, A., & Levie, J. (2009). Global
Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2008 Executive Report. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Available at: http://www.gemconsortium.org/
Business Week (1999). Success is sweets: How Carla Baudillo whipped up a Business, March, 15, Accessed at: http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/news/columns/99-9/e3618028.htm, on June 16, 2011.
Casson, M., & Wadeson, N. (2007). The discovery of opportunities: Extending the economic theory of the entrepreneur. Small Business Economics (28), 285-300. DOI 10.1007/sl 1187-006-9037-7
Center for Women’s Business Research. (2004). Top facts about women-owned businesses. Available at http://www.nfwbo.org.
Clark, K. & Drinkwater, S. (August 1998). Ethnicity and self-employment in Britain. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 60(2), 383-407. DOI 10.1111/1468-0084.00105
Davis, S. J., & Rivera-Batiz, L. (2005). The climate for business development and employment growth in Puerto Rico, NBER [National Bureau of Economic Research] Working Paper 11679. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w11679.
De Bruin, A., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards Building Cumulative Knowledge on Women’s Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 585–593. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00137.x
De Carolis, D. M., & Saparito, P. (January 2006). Social capital, cognition, and entrepreneurial opportunities: A theoretical framework.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 41–56. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00109.x
DeTienne, D.R., & Chandler, G.N. (May 2007). The role of gender in opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 365-386. Available at: http://www.dge.ubi.pt/msilva/Papers_MECE/Paper_15.pdf
De Soto, H. (2000). The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, New York, NY: Basic Books.
De Soto, H. (1989). The Other Path: The Informal Revolution, New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Eckhardt, J. T. & Shane, S. A. (June 2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(3), 333–349. DOI 10.1177/014920630302900304
Escandon Barbosa, D. M., & Arias Sandoval, A. (2011). Factores que componen la competitividad de las empresas creadas por mujeres y relaciones entre ellos. Cuadernos de Administración, 24(42), 165-181. Available at: http://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/cuadernos_admon/article/view/1769/1111
Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2011). “District Profile Puerto Rico,” accessed at http://www.newyork.org on November 1, 2012.
Gatewood, E.J., Shaver, K.G., & Gartner, W.B. (September 1995). A longitudinal study of cognitive factors influencing start-up behaviors and success at venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(5), 371–391. DOI 10.1016/0883-9026(95)00035-7
George, G. & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Culture and its consequences for entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice, 26 (4), 5-8.
Georgellis, Y., & Wall, H. (2005). Gender differences in self-employment. International Review of Applied Economics, 19(3), 321-342. DOI 10.1080/02692170500119854
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2012). http://www.gemconsortium.org
Justo R., Cruz, C., De Castro, J. & Coduras, C. (2007). Entrepreneurs' perceptions of success: examining differences across gender and family status, IE Working Paper, Nº 06-07, Instituto de Empresa Business School.
Kelley, D. J., Bosma, N., & Amorós, J. E. (2011). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010 Global Report, available at http://www.gemconsortium.org/download/1324307056283/ GEM%20GLOBAL%20REPORT%202010rev.pdf.
Mueller,S. L. & Thomas, A. S. (January 2000). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: a nine country study of locus control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16 (1), 51–75. DOI 10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00039-7
Orengo, K. (2012). Internationalization and entrepreneurial orientation. A network perspective: Four cases of Puerto Rican SMEs. AD-minister, 21, 55-69. Available at: http://publicaciones.eafit.edu.co/index.php/administer/article/view/1727 http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322327351004
Pisani, M.J., & Patrick, J.M. (2002). A conceptual model and propositions for bolstering entrepreneurship in the informal sector: The case of Central America. Journal of Developmental
Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 95-111.
Pisani, M.J., & Yoskowitz, D. W. (2012). A study of small neighborhood Tienditas in Central America. Latin American Research Review, 47(4), 116-138.
Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York, NY: Academic Press.
Portes, A., Castells, M. & Benton, L. A. (Eds.) (1989). The Informal Economy: Studies in Advance and Less Developed Countries, Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Portes, A. & Walton, J. (1981). Labor, Class, and the International System, New York, NY: Academic Press.
Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., Lopez-Garcia, P., & Chin, N. (2005). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data collection design and implementation. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 205-231. DOI 10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1
Ruiz-Vargas, Y. (2000). Small business financing sources between immigrants and natives in Puerto Rico. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 40(3), 387-399. DOI 10.1016/S1062- 9769(00)00047-8
Shane, S. T. & Venkataraman S. (January 2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-48543-8_8
Verheul, I., van Stel, A., & Thurik, R. (2006). Explaining female and male enrepreneurship at the country level. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18(2), 151-183.
Tokman, V. E. (Ed.) (1992), Beyond Regulation: The Informal Economy in Latin America, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Terjesen, S. & Amorós, J. E. (July 2010). Female entrepreneurship in Latin America and the Caribbean: Characteristics, drivers and relationship to economic development. European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 313-330. DOI 10.1057/ejdr.2010.13
Weick, K. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations: Foundations for organizational science,Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
World Bank (2011), “Economy Rankings,” Doing Business. Accessed at:
http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings on June 7, 2011.
Ahl, H. (September 2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595-621. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00138.x
Amorós, J.E. (2011). El proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM): Una aproximación desde el contexto Latinoamericano. Academia: Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 46, 1-25. Available at: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=71617238002
Anna, A. L., Chandler, G. N., Jansen, E, & Mero, N. P. (2000). Women business owners in traditional and nontraditional industries. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 279–303. DOI 10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00012-3
Bird, B. (1989). Entrepreneurial behavior. Glenville, IL: Scott Foresman.
Birkbeck, C. (September–October 1978). Self-employed proletarians in an informal factory: The case of Cali’s Garbage Dump. World Development, 6(9-10), 1173-1185.DOI 10.1016/0305-750X(78)90071-2
Birley, S. (1989). Female entrepreneurs: Are they really different? Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 32 -37.
Blanchflower, D.G. & Oswald, A. J. (1998). What makes an entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60.
Bosma, N., Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., Coduras, A., & Levie, J. (2009). Global
Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2008 Executive Report. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Available at: http://www.gemconsortium.org/
Business Week (1999). Success is sweets: How Carla Baudillo whipped up a Business, March, 15, Accessed at: http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/news/columns/99-9/e3618028.htm, on June 16, 2011.
Casson, M., & Wadeson, N. (2007). The discovery of opportunities: Extending the economic theory of the entrepreneur. Small Business Economics (28), 285-300. DOI 10.1007/sl 1187-006-9037-7
Center for Women’s Business Research. (2004). Top facts about women-owned businesses. Available at http://www.nfwbo.org.
Clark, K. & Drinkwater, S. (August 1998). Ethnicity and self-employment in Britain. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 60(2), 383-407. DOI 10.1111/1468-0084.00105
Davis, S. J., & Rivera-Batiz, L. (2005). The climate for business development and employment growth in Puerto Rico, NBER [National Bureau of Economic Research] Working Paper 11679. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w11679.
De Bruin, A., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards Building Cumulative Knowledge on Women’s Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 585–593. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00137.x
De Carolis, D. M., & Saparito, P. (January 2006). Social capital, cognition, and entrepreneurial opportunities: A theoretical framework.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 41–56. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00109.x
DeTienne, D.R., & Chandler, G.N. (May 2007). The role of gender in opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 365-386. Available at: http://www.dge.ubi.pt/msilva/Papers_MECE/Paper_15.pdf
De Soto, H. (2000). The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, New York, NY: Basic Books.
De Soto, H. (1989). The Other Path: The Informal Revolution, New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Eckhardt, J. T. & Shane, S. A. (June 2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(3), 333–349. DOI 10.1177/014920630302900304
Escandon Barbosa, D. M., & Arias Sandoval, A. (2011). Factores que componen la competitividad de las empresas creadas por mujeres y relaciones entre ellos. Cuadernos de Administración, 24(42), 165-181. Available at: http://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/cuadernos_admon/article/view/1769/1111
Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2011). “District Profile Puerto Rico,” accessed at http://www.newyork.org on November 1, 2012.
Gatewood, E.J., Shaver, K.G., & Gartner, W.B. (September 1995). A longitudinal study of cognitive factors influencing start-up behaviors and success at venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(5), 371–391. DOI 10.1016/0883-9026(95)00035-7
George, G. & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Culture and its consequences for entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice, 26 (4), 5-8.
Georgellis, Y., & Wall, H. (2005). Gender differences in self-employment. International Review of Applied Economics, 19(3), 321-342. DOI 10.1080/02692170500119854
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2012). http://www.gemconsortium.org
Justo R., Cruz, C., De Castro, J. & Coduras, C. (2007). Entrepreneurs' perceptions of success: examining differences across gender and family status, IE Working Paper, Nº 06-07, Instituto de Empresa Business School.
Kelley, D. J., Bosma, N., & Amorós, J. E. (2011). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010 Global Report, available at http://www.gemconsortium.org/download/1324307056283/ GEM%20GLOBAL%20REPORT%202010rev.pdf.
Mueller,S. L. & Thomas, A. S. (January 2000). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: a nine country study of locus control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16 (1), 51–75. DOI 10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00039-7
Orengo, K. (2012). Internationalization and entrepreneurial orientation. A network perspective: Four cases of Puerto Rican SMEs. AD-minister, 21, 55-69. Available at: http://publicaciones.eafit.edu.co/index.php/administer/article/view/1727 http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322327351004
Pisani, M.J., & Patrick, J.M. (2002). A conceptual model and propositions for bolstering entrepreneurship in the informal sector: The case of Central America. Journal of Developmental
Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 95-111.
Pisani, M.J., & Yoskowitz, D. W. (2012). A study of small neighborhood Tienditas in Central America. Latin American Research Review, 47(4), 116-138.
Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York, NY: Academic Press.
Portes, A., Castells, M. & Benton, L. A. (Eds.) (1989). The Informal Economy: Studies in Advance and Less Developed Countries, Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Portes, A. & Walton, J. (1981). Labor, Class, and the International System, New York, NY: Academic Press.
Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., Lopez-Garcia, P., & Chin, N. (2005). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data collection design and implementation. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 205-231. DOI 10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1
Ruiz-Vargas, Y. (2000). Small business financing sources between immigrants and natives in Puerto Rico. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 40(3), 387-399. DOI 10.1016/S1062- 9769(00)00047-8
Shane, S. T. & Venkataraman S. (January 2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-48543-8_8
Verheul, I., van Stel, A., & Thurik, R. (2006). Explaining female and male enrepreneurship at the country level. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18(2), 151-183.
Tokman, V. E. (Ed.) (1992), Beyond Regulation: The Informal Economy in Latin America, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Terjesen, S. & Amorós, J. E. (July 2010). Female entrepreneurship in Latin America and the Caribbean: Characteristics, drivers and relationship to economic development. European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 313-330. DOI 10.1057/ejdr.2010.13
Weick, K. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations: Foundations for organizational science,Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
World Bank (2011), “Economy Rankings,” Doing Business. Accessed at:
http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings on June 7, 2011.
Article Sidebar
Publicado
oct 31, 2013
Article Details
Cómo citar
Santiago Castro, M., & Pisani, M. J. (2013). Características y determinantes de mujeres empresarias en Puerto Rico: una mirada inicial. AD-Minister, (23), 131–150. Recuperado a partir de https://publicaciones.eafit.edu.co/index.php/administer/article/view/2127
Número
Sección
Artículos de investigación
Agencias de apoyo
Biografía del autor/a
Marisela Santiago Castro, Universidad de Puerto Rico
Associate Professor - Department of Accounting & Associate Director of Honors Program
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
a. Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
b. Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
c. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).