Metodología para la reconstrucción 3D de estructuras craneofaciales y su utilización en el método de elementos finitos
Main Article Content
Keywords
análisis de elementos finitos, bioingeniería, craneofacial, imágenes biomédicas, modelación geométrica, nube de puntos, reconstrucción tridimensional.
Resumen
Este artículo describe la implementación de una metodología para la reconstrucción 3D de estructuras anatómicas craneofaciales conformadas por tejidos duros y blandos a partir de imágenes biomédicas para ser utilizadas en aplicaciones que involucren el método de elementos finitos en bioingeniería. La metodología inicia con el desarrollo de un software de procesamiento de imágenes biomédicas en formato DICOM (Digital Imaging Standard for Medical Images) realizado en lenguaje C que provee la nube de puntos de la estructura anatómica, a partir de la cual se construyen y optimizan las superficies que finalmente son las que conforman un sólido que puede ser exportado a ANSYS 10.0r. Este proceso se llevó a cabo utilizando los software de modelación geométrica ProENGINEER WILDFIRE 3.0r y GID 8.0r. Se reconstruyeron estructuras como mandíbula, hueso temporal y algunas piezas dentales de manera satisfactoria, conservando sus características anatómicas, obteniendo un modelo geométrico que permitió efectuar simulaciones biomecánicas por medio del método de los elementos finitos en ANSYS 10.0r. La metodología implementada proporcionó una mayor capacidad de detalle en la modelación geométrica de estructuras anatómicas, y a su vez posibilitó la realización de una aplicación biomecánica sin incurrir en simplificaciones como la omisión del hueso esponjoso y la inadecuada asignación de las propiedades mecánicas mandibulares, de modo que se pudiera afectar la calidad de los resultados. Aunque la validación del estudio se realizó a partir de la acción de un dispositivo de ortodoncia sobre la mandíbula, la metodología desarrollada podría aplicarse a la evaluación de otros problemas que involucren estructuras anatómicas diferentes.
PACS: 87.57.C-, 87.57.N-, 87.85.Pq, 87.85.Ox
MSC: 92C55
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Referencias
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[8] Z. L. Wang, J. C. M. Teo, C. K. Chui, S. H. Ong, C. H. Yan and S. C. Wang. Computational biomechanical modelling of the lumbar spine using marching–cubes surface smoothened finite element voxel meshing. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, ISSN 0169–2607, 80(1), 25–35 (2005).
[9] P. Ausiello, A. Apicella and C. L. Davidson. Effect of adhesive layer properties on stress distribution in composite restorations – A 3D finite element analysis. Dental Materials, ISSN 0109–5641, 18(4), 295–303 (2002).
[10] S. Schutte, S. P. W. Van Den Bedem, F. Van Keulen, F. C. T. Van Der Helm and H. J. A. Simonsz. A finite–element analysis model of orbital biomechanics. Vision Research, ISSN 0042–6989, 46(11), 1724–1731 (2006).
[11] W. A. Brekelmans, H. W. Poort and T. J. Slooff. A new method to analyse the mechanical behaviour of skeletal parts. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001–6470, 43(5), 301–317 (1972).
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[13] R. L. Taylor, J. C. Simo, O. C. Zienkiewicz and A. C. H. Chan. The patch test a condition for assessing FEM convergence. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, ISSN 0029–5981, 22(1), 39–62 (1986).
[14] J. K. Bathe. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, ISBN 0–13– 317305–4. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1982.
[15] D. Remmler, L. Olson, R. Ekstrom, D. Duke, A. Matamoros and D. Matthews. Pre–surgical CT/FEA for craniofacial distraction: I. methodology, development, and validation of the cranial finite element model . Medical Engineering and Physics, ISSN 1350–4533, 20(8), 607–619 (1998).
[16] T. Nagasao, M. Kobayashi, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Kaneko and T. Nakajima. Finite element analysis of the stresses around endosseous implants in various reconstructed mandibular models. Journal of Cranio–Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 1010–5182, 30(3), 170–177 (2002).
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[21] D. Lacroix, A. Chateau, M. Ginebra and J. A. Planell. Micro–finite element mo- dels of bone tissue–engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials, ISSN 0142–9612, 27(30), 5326–5334 (2006).
[22] P. Magne. Efficient 3D finite element analysis of dental restorative procedures using micro–CT data. Dental Materials, ISSN 0109–5641, 23(5), 539–548 (2007).
[23] J. P. Okeson. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion, ISBN 9780323046145. St. Louis: Mosby, 2007.
[24] C. L. Schwartz–Dabney and P. C. Dechow. Variations in cortical material pro- perties throughout the human dentate mandible. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, ISSN 0002–9483, 120(3), 252–277 (2003).
[25] Y. Tie, D. M. Wang, T. Ji, C. T. Wang and C. P. Zhang. Three–dimensional finite–element analysis investigating the biomechanical effects of human mandibular reconstruction with autogenous bone grafts. Journal of Cranio–Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 1010–5182, 34(5), 290–298 (2006).
[26] J. F. Isaza, S. Correa and J. E. Congote. Metodología para la reconstrucción 3D de estructuras craneofaciales y su aplicación en el método de elementos finitos. En C. Muller–Karger, S.Wong, A. La Cruz. (Eds). IFMBE Proceedings : IV Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering 2007, Bioengineering Solutions for Latin America Health. Alemania: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978–3–540– 74470–2, 18(7), 766–769 (2007).
[27] E. Nolf. XMedCon–An open–source medical image conversion toolkit . European Journal of Nuclear Medicine, ISSN 0340–6997, 30(2), 246 (2003).
[28] R. M. Haralick and L. G. Shapiro. Image segmentation techniques. Computer Vision, Graphics, & Image Processing, ISSN 0734–189X, 29(1), 100–132 (1985).
[29] J. S. Weszka. Survey of threshold selection techniques. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, ISSN 0146–664X, 7(2), 259–265 (1978).
[30] N. Alajlan, M. Kamel and E. Jernigan. Detail preserving impulsive noise removal. Signal Processing: Image Communication, ISSN 0923–5965 19(10), 993–1003 (2004).
[31] T. Y. Kong and A. Rosenfeld. Digital topology: Introduction and survey. Computer Vision, Graphics, & Image Processing, ISSN 0734–189X, 48(3), 357–393 (1989).
[32] J. Robinson. Basic and Shape Sensitivity Tests for Membrane and Plate Bending Finite Elements, Robinson and Associates, 1985.
[33] J. P. Joho. The effects of extraoral low–pull traction to the mandibular dentition of macaca mulatta. American Journal of Orthodontics, ISSN 0002–9416, 64(6), 555–577 (1973).
[34] J. M. Battagel and H. S. Orton. A comparative study of the effects of customized facemask therapy or headgear to the lower arch on the developing class III face. European journal of orthodontics, ISSN 0141–5387, 17(6), 467–482 (1995).
[35] D. Rey, J. F. Aristizabal, G. Oberti and D. Angel. Mandibular cervical headgear in orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of class III cases. World journal of orthodontics, ISSN 1530–5678, 7(2), 165–176 (2006).
[36] T. W. P. Korioth, D. P. Romilly and A. G. Hannam. Three–dimensional finite element stress analysis of the dentate human mandible. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, ISSN 0002–9483, 88(1), 69–96 (1992).
[37] E. B. W. Giesen, M. Ding, M. Dalstra and T. M. G. J. Van Eijden. Mechanical properties of cancellous bone in the human mandibular condyle are anisotropic. Journal of Biomechanics, ISSN 0021–9290, 34(6), 799–803 (2001).
[38] A. M. O’Mahony, J. L. Williams, J. O. Katz and P. Spencer. Anisotropic elastic properties of cancellous bone from a human edentulous mandible. Clinical Oral Implants Research, ISSN 0905–7161, 11(5), 415–421 (2000).
[39] C. G. Provatidis. A comparative FEM–study of tooth mobility using isotropic and anisotropic models of the periodontal ligament . Medical Engineering & Physics, ISSN 1350–4533, 22(5), 359–370 (2000).
[40] F.A. Peyton, D. B. Mahler and B. Hershenoy. Physical properties of dentin. Journal of Dental Research, ISSN 0022–0345, 31, 366–370 (1952).
[41] V. Adams and A. Askenazi. Building better products with finite element analysis, ISBN 1–56690–160X. OnWord Press, 1998.
[42] T. Heinonen, K. Visala, M. Blomqvist, H. Eskola and H. Frey. 3D visualization library for multimodal medical images. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, ISSN 0895–6111, 22(4), 267–273 (1998).
[43] R. A. Chirani, J. Jacq, P. Meriot and C. Roux. Temporomandibular joint: a methodology of magnetic resonance imaging 3–D reconstruction. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, ISSN 1079– 2104, 97(6), 756–761 (2004).
[44] J. Gao, W. Xu and J. Geng. 3D shape reconstruction of teeth by shadow speckle correlation method. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, ISSN 0143–8166, 44(5), 455–465 (2006).
[45] Y. Chen, P. Duan, Y. Meng and Y. Chen. Three–dimensional spiral computed tomographic imaging: a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment planning of impacted teeth. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, ISSN 0889–5406, 130(1), 112–116 (2006).
[46] D. Vandermeulen, P. Claes, D. Loeckx, S. de Greef, G. Willems and P. Suetens. Computerized craniofacial reconstruction using CT–derived implicit surface representations. Forensic Science International, ISSN 0379–0738, 159(1), S164– S174 (2006).
[47] T. Nagasao, M. Kobayashi, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Kaneko and T. Nakajima. Finite element analysis of the stresses around fixtures in various reconstructed mandibular models – part II (effect of horizontal load). Journal of Cranio–Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 1010–5182, 31(3), 168–175 (2003).
[48] P. Maurer, W. Knoll and J. Schubert. Comparative evaluation of two osteosynthesis methods on stability following sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Journal of Cranio–Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 1010–5182, 31(5), 284–289 (2003).
[49] P. Maurer, S. Holweg and J. Schubert. Finite–element–analysis of different screw–diameters in the sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible. Journal of Cranio–Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 1010–5182, 27(6), 365–372 (1999).
[50] K. Hu, R. Qiguo, J. Fang and Mao Jeremy. Effects of condylar fibrocartilage on the biomechanical loading of the human temporomandibular joint in a three– dimensional, nonlinear finite element model . Medical Engineering and Physics, ISSN 1350–4533, 25(2), 107–113 (2003).
[51] R. Clement, J. Schneider, H. Brambs, A. Wunderlich, M. Geiger and F. G. Sander. Quasi–automatic 3D finite element model generation for individual single– rooted teeth and periodontal ligament . Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, ISSN 0169–2607, 73(2), 135–144 (2004).
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