Tamaño e independencia de la junta directiva y su relación con el desempeño económico: un análisis para empresas familiares y no familiares
Main Article Content
Keywords
Gobierno corporativo, empresa familiar, tamaño de junta, independencia, desempeño financiero
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el efecto del tamaño y la independencia de la junta directiva en el desempeño económico en empresas familiares y no familiares colombianas. La relación se analizó
mediante modelos de regresión en un panel de datos balanceado, para ello se analizaron tres aspectos (tamaño e independencia de la junta directiva y carácter familiar de la empresa). La muestra comprendió 2,170 observaciones (310 empresas cada año) durante el período 2008-2014. Se encontró que: i) el tamaño de la junta directiva influye en sentido negativo en el ROA y el ROE en las empresas familiares; ii) hay influencia positiva de los miembros independientes de la junta directiva en los ingresos operacionales (IO), tanto para empresas familiares como para las no familiares, y iii) existe influencia positiva del carácter familiar en el indicador ROA; no obstante, la relación es negativa cuando son empresas familiares de primera generación. Con base en los hallazgos empíricos se propone a los entes de control promover campañas para difundir el impacto de la junta directiva y del adecuado rol de los miembros independientes en el desempeño de las empresas y se invita a los empresarios a aplicar mejores prácticas de gobierno corporativo.
Descargas
Referencias
Arosa, B., Iturralde, T., & Maseda, A. (2010). Outsiders on the board of directors and firm performance: Evidence from Spanish non-listed family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(4), 236-245. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.10.004
Arosa, B., Iturralde, T., & Maseda, A. (2013). The board structure and firm performance in SMEs: Evidence from Spain. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 19(3), 127-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.iedee.2012.12.003
Barney, J. B. (1990). The debate between traditional management theory and organizational economics: Substantive differences or intergroup conflict? Academy of Management Review, 15(3), 382-393. DOI: 10.5465/AMR.1990.4308815
Benito-Hernández, S., Priede-Bergamini, T., & López-Cózar-Navarro, C. (2014). Factors determining exportation and internationalization in family businesses: The importance of debt. South African Journal of Business Management, 45(1), 13-25.
Bird, B., Welsch, H., Astrachan, J. H., & Pistrui, D. (2002). Family business research: The evolution of an academic field. Family Business Review, 15(4), 337-350. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00337.x
Burkart, M., Panunzi, F., & Shleifer, A. (2003). Family firms. The Journal of Finance, 58(5), 2167-2201. DOI: 10.1111/1540-6261.00601
CAF e IAAG. (2005). Lineamientos para un código andino de gobierno corporativo. Eficiencia, equidad y transparencia en el manejo empresarial. Caracas: CAF e IAAG. Recuperado de https://www.caf.com/media/3266/linea6abril100dpi.pdf
Carney, M. (2005). Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(3), 249-265. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00081.x
Chami, R. (2001). What is different about family businesses? IMF working paper Nº 01/70. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Recuperado de http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=879571
Cheng, S. (2008). Board size and the variability of corporate performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(1), 157-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.10.006
Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Litz, R. (2003). A unified systems perspective of family firm performance: An extension and integration. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 467-472. DOI: 10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00055-7
Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19-39.
Dehaene, A., De Vuyst, V., & Ooghe, H. (2001). Corporate performance and board structure in Belgian companies. Long Range Planning, 34(3), 383-398. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-6301(01)00045-0
Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1991). Stewardship theory or agency theory: CEO governance and shareholder returns. Australian Journal of Management, 16(1), 49-64. DOI: 10.1177/031289629101600103
Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law & Economics, 26(2), 301-325.
Family Business Network, FBN (2008). Family business international monitor. Lausana: FBN International. Recuperado de http://www.fbnasia.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2011/pdf/Monitor2008.pdf
Gani, L., & Jermias, J. (2006). Investigating the effect of board independence on performance across different strategies. The International Journal of Accounting, 41(3), 295-314. DOI: 10.1016/j.intacc.2006.07.009
García-Ramos, R., & García-Olalla, M. (2011). Board characteristics and firm performance in public founder-and nonfounder-led family businesses. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(4), 220-231. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.09.001
Gómez-Betancourt, G., López Vergara. M. P., Betancourt Ramírez, J. B., y Millán Payán, J. O. (2012). Estudio sobre el desempeño de las empresas familiares colombianas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores, frente a las empresas no familiares. Entramado, 8(1), 28-42.
Gómez-Betancourt, G., y Zapata-Cuervo, N. (2013). Gobierno corporativo: una comparación de códigos de gobierno en el mundo, un modelo para empresas latinoaméricanas familiares y no familiares. Entramado, 9(2), 98-117.
Guzmán, A., y Trujillo, M. A. (2012). Hacia la implementación de buenas prácticas de gobierno corporativo en sociedades cerradas. Bogotá: CESA.
Harris, D., Martinez, J. I., & Ward, J. L. (1994). Is strategy different flor the family‐owned business? Family Business Review, 7(2), 159-174. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00159.x
Hossain, M., Prevost, A. K., & Rao, R. P. (2001). Corporate governance in New Zealand: The effect of the 1993 Companies Act on the relation between board composition and firm performance. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 9(2), 119–145. DOI: 10.1016/S0927-538X(01)00003-8
Jensen, M. C. (1993). The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. The Journal of Finance, 48(3), 831-880. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04022.x
Krivogorsky, V. (2006). Ownership, board structure, and performance in continental Europe. The International Journal of Accounting, 41(2), 176-197. DOI: 10.1016/j.intacc.2006.04.002
Lagos, C. D., & Botero, I. C. (2016). Corporate governance in family businesses from Latin America, Spain and Portugal. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 29(3), 231–254. DOI: 10.1108/arla-03-2016-0064
Leech, D., & Leach, J. (1991). Ownership structure, control type classifications and the performance of large British companies. Economic Journal, 101(409), 1418-1437. DOI: 10.2307/2234893
Leung, S., Richardson, G., & Jaggi, B. (2014). Corporate board and board committee independence, firm performance, and family ownership concentration: An analysis based on Hong Kong firms. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 10(1), 16-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcae.2013.11.002
Liang, Q., Xu, P., & Jiraporn, P. (2013). Board characteristics and Chinese bank performance. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(8), 2953-2968. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.04.018
Lipton, M., & Lorsch, J. W. (1992). A modest proposal for improved corporate governance. The Business Lawyer, 48(1), 59-77.
Litz, R. A. (1995). The family business: Toward definitional clarity. Family Business Review, 8(2), 71-81. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00071.x
Liu, Y., Miletkov, M. K., Wei, Z., & Yang, T. (2015). Board independence and firm performance in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 30, 223-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.12.004
Mandl, I. (2008). Overview of family business relevant issues. Viena: Austrian Institute for SME Research. Recuperado de http://www.pedz.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-h/gdb/08/familybusiness_study_en.pdf
Molina Manzano, C. A. (2006). Los directores independientes y el gobierno de las empresas. Debates IESA, 11(4), 20-24.
Morck, R., & Yeung, B. (2003). Agency problems in large family business groups. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), 367-382. DOI: 10.1111/1540-8520.t01-1-00015
Moreno-Gómez, J. I., Gómez-Betancourt, G., & Betancourt Ramírez, J. (2016). Board of director in the family business and its impact on socioemotional wealth. Espacios, 37(8).
Müller, V.-O. (2014). The impact of board composition on the financial performance of FTSE100 constituents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 969-975. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.573
Mustakallio, M., Autio, E., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Relational and contractual governance in family firms: Effects on strategic decision making. Family Business Review, 15(3), 205-222. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00205.x
O’Connell, V., & Cramer, N. (2010). The relationship between firm performance and board characteristics in Ireland. European Management Journal, 28(5), 387-399. DOI: 10.1016/j.emj.2009.11.002
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD (2004). OECD principles of corporate governance. París: OECD. Recuperado de http://www.oecd.org/corporate/ca/corporategovernanceprinciples/31557724.pdf
Pathan, S., & Faff, R. (2013). Does board structure in banks really affect their performance? Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(5), 1573-1589. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.12.016
Pombo, C., & Gutiérrez, L. H. (2011). Outside directors, board interlocks and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Colombian business groups. Journal of Economics and Business, 63(4), 251–277. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconbus.2011.01.002
Sarbah, A., & Xiao, W. (2015). Good corporate governance structures: A must for family businesses. Open Journal of Business and Management, 3(1), 40. DOI: 10.4236/ojbm.2015.31005
Suáre, K. C., & Santana-Martín, D. J. (2004). Governance in Spanish family business. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 10(1/2), 141-163. DOI: 10.1108/13552550410521425
Suess, J. (2014). Family governance - Literature review and the development of a conceptual model. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(2), 138-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.02.001