Tamaño e independencia de la junta directiva y su relación con el desempeño económico: un análisis para empresas familiares y no familiares

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Diógenes Lagos Cortés
Nidia Costanza Soto Echeverry
José Bernardo Betancourt Ramírez
Julián Oswaldo Enríquez Yagüe
Gonzalo Gómez Betancourt

Keywords

Gobierno corporativo, empresa familiar, tamaño de junta, independencia, desempeño financiero

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el efecto del tamaño y la independencia de la junta directiva en el desempeño económico en empresas familiares y no familiares colombianas. La relación se analizó
mediante modelos de regresión en un panel de datos balanceado, para ello se analizaron tres aspectos (tamaño e independencia de la junta directiva y carácter familiar de la empresa). La muestra comprendió 2,170 observaciones (310 empresas cada año) durante el período 2008-2014. Se encontró que: i) el tamaño de la junta directiva influye en sentido negativo en el ROA y el ROE en las empresas familiares; ii) hay influencia positiva de los miembros independientes de la junta directiva en los ingresos operacionales (IO), tanto para empresas familiares como para las no familiares, y iii) existe influencia positiva del carácter familiar en el indicador ROA; no obstante, la relación es negativa cuando son empresas familiares de primera generación. Con base en los hallazgos empíricos se propone a los entes de control promover campañas para difundir el impacto de la junta directiva y del adecuado rol de los miembros independientes en el desempeño de las empresas y se invita a los empresarios a aplicar mejores prácticas de gobierno corporativo.

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