Process innovation capability and innovation performance: mediating effect of product innovation capability
Main Article Content
Keywords
Innovation management, technological innovation capabilities, new product development, emerging economies
Abstract
Although in recent years, investment and the use of resources in R&D by the private sector has increased, the number of innovative companies per se has dropped dramatically in Colombia. However, the studies that have been carried out to analyze this paradox, have only demonstrated the limited positive effects of process innovation capability (IC) on innovation performance (IP). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the mediating effect of product IC on the relationship between process IC and IP, based on a sample of manufacturing firms. Structural equation modeling was used with the method of least squares and a bootstrap-percentile analysis was performed to check the existence of mediation. The results showed that there is a partial mediation. Therefore, the development of IC products is necessary in order to reflect process improvements in the products and to exploit them commercially, thus invigorating the performance.
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References
Alegre, J., Lapiedra, R., & Chiva, R. (2006). A measurement scale for product innovation performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 9(4), 333-346.
Akgün, A. E., Keskin, H., & Byrne, J. (2009). Organizational emotional capability, product and process innovation, and firm performance: An empirical analysis. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 26(3), 103-130.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Branzei, O., & Vertinsky, I. (2006). Strategic pathways to product innovation capabilities in SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(1), 75-105.
Berchicci, L. (2013). Towards an open R&D system: Internal R&D investment, external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance. Research Policy, 42(1), 117-127.
Camisón-Zornoza, C., Lapiedra-Alcamí, R., Segarra-Ciprés, M., & Boronat-Navarro, M. (2004). A meta-analysis of innovation and organizational size. Organization Studies, 25(3), 331-361.
Camisón, C., & Villar-López, A. (2014). Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2891-2902.
Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Castellacci, F. (2011). Closing the technology gap? Review of Development Economics, 15(1), 180-197.
Chen, Y. S., Lin, M. J. J., & Chang, C. H. (2009). The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(2), 152-158.
Chin, W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336
Chin, W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655-690). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Chiu, Y., Chen, B., Shyu, J., & Tzeng, G. (2006). An evaluation model of new product launch strategy. Technovation, 26(11), 1244-1252.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Erlbaum.
Crossan, M., & Apaydin, M. (2010). A multi‐dimensional framework of organizational innovation: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of management studies, 47(6), 1154-1191.
Cui, A., & Wu, F. (2015). Utilizing customer knowledge in innovation: antecedents and impact of customer involvement on new product performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1-23.DOI: 10.1007/s11747-015-0433-x
DANE. (2011). Boletín de prensa: Encuesta de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica en la industria manufacturera - Edit IV 2007-2008. Bogotá: DANE.
DANE. (2012). Boletín de prensa: Encuesta de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica en la industria manufacturera – Edit V 2009-2010. Bogotá: DANE.
DANE. (2013). Boletín de prensa: Encuesta de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica en la industria manufacturera – Edit VI 2011-2012. Bogotá: DANE.
Denicolai, S., Ramirez, M., & Tidd, J. (2014). Creating and capturing value from external knowledge: the moderating role of knowledge intensity. R&D Management, 44(3), 248-264.
Dul, J., & Ceylan, C. (2014). The Impact of a Creativity‐supporting Work Environment on a Firm's Product Innovation Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(6), 1254-1267.
Elmquist, M., & Le Masson, P. (2009). The value of a ‘failed’ R&D project: an emerging evaluation framework for building innovative capabilities. R&D Management, 39(2), 136-152.
Esposito Vinzi, V., Trinchera, L., & Amato, S. (2010). PLS path modeling: from foundations to recent developments and open issues for model assessment and improvement. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 47-82). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Eurostat (2009). 'High-technology' and 'knowledge based services' aggregations based on NACE Rev. 2. Recuperado de: https://okonomibarometer.nho.no/getfile.php/Filer/Diverse%20statistikk%20i%20excel/htec_esms_an3.pdf
Evanschitzky, H., Eisend, M., Calantone, R. J., & Jiang, Y. (2012). Success factors of product innovation: An updated meta‐analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(S1), 21-37.
Falk, R., & Miller, N. (1992). A primer for soft modelling. Ohio: The University of Akron.
Fernández-Mesa, A., Alegre-Vidal, J., Chiva-Gómez, R., & Gutiérrez-Gracia, A. (2013). Design management capability and product innovation in SMEs. Management Decision, 51(3), 547-565.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18, 39-50.
Frishammar, J., Kurkkio, M., Abrahamsson, L., & Lichtenthaler, U. (2012). Antecedents and consequences of firms’ process innovation capability: a literature review and a conceptual framework. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 59(4), 519-529.
Freel, M. (2006). Patterns of technological innovation in knowledge‐intensive business services. Industry and Innovation, 13(3), 335-358.
Frenz, M., & Ietto-Gillies, G. (2009). The impact on innovation performance of different sources of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey. Research Policy, 38(7), 1125-1135.
Greve, H. (2007). Exploration and exploitation in product innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(5), 945-975.
Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing (AIM), 20, 277-320.
Hoskisson, R., Eden, L., Lau, C., & Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of management journal, 43(3), 249-267.
Ju, T. L., Chen, S. H., Li, C. Y., & Lee, T. S. (2005). A strategic contingency model for technology alliance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(5), 623-644.
Kumar, M., Townsend, J. D., & Vorhies, D. W. (2014). Enhancing Consumers' Affection for a Brand Using Product Design. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(5), 716-730.
Lin, C., Wu, Y. J., Chang, C., Wang, W., & Lee, C. Y. (2012). The alliance innovation performance of R&D alliances—the absorptive capacity perspective. Technovation, 32(5), 282-292.
Lin, H., McDonough, E., Lin, S., & Lin, C. (2013). Managing the exploitation/exploration paradox: The role of a learning capability and innovation ambidexterity. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(2), 262-278.
Lucio, J., Bueno, E., Arias, D. L., Ruiz, C., & Salazar, M. (2013). Observado el Sistema Colombiano de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación: sus actores y sus productos. Bogotá, Colombia: Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología.
Martínez-Ros, E. (2000). Explaining the decisions to carry out product and process innovations: The Spanish case. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 10(2), 223-242.
Martini, A., Laugen, B. T., Gastaldi, L., & Corso, M. (2013). Continuous innovation: towards a paradoxical, ambidextrous combination of exploration and exploitation. International Journal of Technology Management, 61(1), 1-22.
Murat Ar, I., & Baki, B. (2011). Antecedents and performance impacts of product versus process innovation: Empirical evidence from SMEs located in Turkish science and technology parks. European Journal of Innovation Management, 14(2), 172-206.
OCYT. (2015). Indicadores de ciencia y tecnología, Colombia 2014. Bogotá: Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología.
Paladino, A. (2008). Analyzing the Effects of Market and Resource Orientations on Innovative Outcomes in Times of Turbulence. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6), 577-592.
Peattie, K. (2001). Towards sustainability: the third age of green marketing. The Marketing Review, 2(2), 129-146.
Piening, E., & Salge, T. (2015). Understanding the Antecedents, Contingencies, and Performance Implications of Process Innovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 80-97.
Preacher, K., & Hayes, A. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Pourdehnad, J., & Robinson, P. (2001). Systems approach to knowledge development for creating new products and services. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 18(1), 29-40.
Sampson, R. (2007). R&D alliances and firm performance: The impact of technological diversity and alliance organization on innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 364-386.
Sen, F., & Egelhoff, W. (2000). Innovative capabilities of a firm and the use of technical alliances. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 47(2), 174-183.
Slater, S., Mohr, J., & Sengupta, S. (2014). Radical product innovation capability: Literature review, synthesis, and illustrative research propositions. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(3), 552-566.
Sok, P., & O'Cass, A. (2011). Achieving superior innovation-based performance outcomes in SMEs through innovation resource–capability complementarity. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), 1285-1293.
Stettner, U., & Lavie, D. (2014). Ambidexterity under scrutiny: Exploration and exploitation via internal organization, alliances, and acquisitions. Strategic management journal, 35(13), 1903-1929.
Swan, K., Kotabe, M., & Allred, B. (2005). Exploring Robust Design Capabilities, Their Role in Creating Global Products, and Their Relationship to Firm Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(2), 144-164.
Swink, M., & Harvey, W. (1998). Core manufacturing capabilities and their links to product differentiation. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 18(4), 374-396.
Thomke, S., & Fujimoto, T. (2000). The Effect of “Front‐Loading” Problem‐Solving on Product Development Performance. Journal of product innovation management, 17(2), 128-142.
Vega-Jurado, J., Gutiérrez-Gracia, A., & Fernández-de-Lucio, I. (2009). Does external knowledge sourcing matter for innovation? Evidence from the Spanish manufacturing industry. Industrial and corporate change, 18(4), 637-670.
Verhees, F. J., & Meulenberg, M. T. (2004). Market orientation, innovativeness, product innovation, and performance in small firms. Journal of small
business management, 42(2), 134-154.
Weber, R. (1996). Toward a language of invention and synthetic thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 9(4), 353-367.
Williams, J., & MacKinnon, D. (2008). Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models. Structural Equation Modeling, 15(1), 23-51.
Wu, J. (2012). Technological collaboration in product innovation: The role of market competition and sectoral technological intensity. Research Policy, 41(2), 489-496.
Yalcinkaya, G., & Aktekin, T. (2014). Brand Extension Effects and Core Attributes of Experience Product Franchises: A Bayesian Approach. Journal of
Product Innovation Management, 32(5), 31-746.
Yam, R., Guan, J., Pun, K., & Tang, E. (2004). An audit of technological innovation capabilities in Chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China. Research policy, 33(8), 1123-1140.
Yam, R., Lo, W., Tang, E. & Lau, A. (2011). Analysis of sources of innovation, technological innovation capabilities, and performance: An empirical study of Hong Kong manufacturing industries. Research Policy, 40(3), 391-402.
Zeschky, M., Widenmayer, B., & Gassmann, O. (2014). Organising for reverse innovation in Western MNCs: the role of frugal product innovation capabilities. International Journal of Technology Management, 64(2-4), 255-275.
Akgün, A. E., Keskin, H., & Byrne, J. (2009). Organizational emotional capability, product and process innovation, and firm performance: An empirical analysis. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 26(3), 103-130.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Branzei, O., & Vertinsky, I. (2006). Strategic pathways to product innovation capabilities in SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(1), 75-105.
Berchicci, L. (2013). Towards an open R&D system: Internal R&D investment, external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance. Research Policy, 42(1), 117-127.
Camisón-Zornoza, C., Lapiedra-Alcamí, R., Segarra-Ciprés, M., & Boronat-Navarro, M. (2004). A meta-analysis of innovation and organizational size. Organization Studies, 25(3), 331-361.
Camisón, C., & Villar-López, A. (2014). Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2891-2902.
Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Castellacci, F. (2011). Closing the technology gap? Review of Development Economics, 15(1), 180-197.
Chen, Y. S., Lin, M. J. J., & Chang, C. H. (2009). The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(2), 152-158.
Chin, W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336
Chin, W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655-690). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Chiu, Y., Chen, B., Shyu, J., & Tzeng, G. (2006). An evaluation model of new product launch strategy. Technovation, 26(11), 1244-1252.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Erlbaum.
Crossan, M., & Apaydin, M. (2010). A multi‐dimensional framework of organizational innovation: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of management studies, 47(6), 1154-1191.
Cui, A., & Wu, F. (2015). Utilizing customer knowledge in innovation: antecedents and impact of customer involvement on new product performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1-23.DOI: 10.1007/s11747-015-0433-x
DANE. (2011). Boletín de prensa: Encuesta de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica en la industria manufacturera - Edit IV 2007-2008. Bogotá: DANE.
DANE. (2012). Boletín de prensa: Encuesta de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica en la industria manufacturera – Edit V 2009-2010. Bogotá: DANE.
DANE. (2013). Boletín de prensa: Encuesta de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica en la industria manufacturera – Edit VI 2011-2012. Bogotá: DANE.
Denicolai, S., Ramirez, M., & Tidd, J. (2014). Creating and capturing value from external knowledge: the moderating role of knowledge intensity. R&D Management, 44(3), 248-264.
Dul, J., & Ceylan, C. (2014). The Impact of a Creativity‐supporting Work Environment on a Firm's Product Innovation Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(6), 1254-1267.
Elmquist, M., & Le Masson, P. (2009). The value of a ‘failed’ R&D project: an emerging evaluation framework for building innovative capabilities. R&D Management, 39(2), 136-152.
Esposito Vinzi, V., Trinchera, L., & Amato, S. (2010). PLS path modeling: from foundations to recent developments and open issues for model assessment and improvement. En V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 47-82). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Eurostat (2009). 'High-technology' and 'knowledge based services' aggregations based on NACE Rev. 2. Recuperado de: https://okonomibarometer.nho.no/getfile.php/Filer/Diverse%20statistikk%20i%20excel/htec_esms_an3.pdf
Evanschitzky, H., Eisend, M., Calantone, R. J., & Jiang, Y. (2012). Success factors of product innovation: An updated meta‐analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(S1), 21-37.
Falk, R., & Miller, N. (1992). A primer for soft modelling. Ohio: The University of Akron.
Fernández-Mesa, A., Alegre-Vidal, J., Chiva-Gómez, R., & Gutiérrez-Gracia, A. (2013). Design management capability and product innovation in SMEs. Management Decision, 51(3), 547-565.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18, 39-50.
Frishammar, J., Kurkkio, M., Abrahamsson, L., & Lichtenthaler, U. (2012). Antecedents and consequences of firms’ process innovation capability: a literature review and a conceptual framework. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 59(4), 519-529.
Freel, M. (2006). Patterns of technological innovation in knowledge‐intensive business services. Industry and Innovation, 13(3), 335-358.
Frenz, M., & Ietto-Gillies, G. (2009). The impact on innovation performance of different sources of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey. Research Policy, 38(7), 1125-1135.
Greve, H. (2007). Exploration and exploitation in product innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(5), 945-975.
Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing (AIM), 20, 277-320.
Hoskisson, R., Eden, L., Lau, C., & Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of management journal, 43(3), 249-267.
Ju, T. L., Chen, S. H., Li, C. Y., & Lee, T. S. (2005). A strategic contingency model for technology alliance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(5), 623-644.
Kumar, M., Townsend, J. D., & Vorhies, D. W. (2014). Enhancing Consumers' Affection for a Brand Using Product Design. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(5), 716-730.
Lin, C., Wu, Y. J., Chang, C., Wang, W., & Lee, C. Y. (2012). The alliance innovation performance of R&D alliances—the absorptive capacity perspective. Technovation, 32(5), 282-292.
Lin, H., McDonough, E., Lin, S., & Lin, C. (2013). Managing the exploitation/exploration paradox: The role of a learning capability and innovation ambidexterity. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(2), 262-278.
Lucio, J., Bueno, E., Arias, D. L., Ruiz, C., & Salazar, M. (2013). Observado el Sistema Colombiano de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación: sus actores y sus productos. Bogotá, Colombia: Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología.
Martínez-Ros, E. (2000). Explaining the decisions to carry out product and process innovations: The Spanish case. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 10(2), 223-242.
Martini, A., Laugen, B. T., Gastaldi, L., & Corso, M. (2013). Continuous innovation: towards a paradoxical, ambidextrous combination of exploration and exploitation. International Journal of Technology Management, 61(1), 1-22.
Murat Ar, I., & Baki, B. (2011). Antecedents and performance impacts of product versus process innovation: Empirical evidence from SMEs located in Turkish science and technology parks. European Journal of Innovation Management, 14(2), 172-206.
OCYT. (2015). Indicadores de ciencia y tecnología, Colombia 2014. Bogotá: Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología.
Paladino, A. (2008). Analyzing the Effects of Market and Resource Orientations on Innovative Outcomes in Times of Turbulence. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6), 577-592.
Peattie, K. (2001). Towards sustainability: the third age of green marketing. The Marketing Review, 2(2), 129-146.
Piening, E., & Salge, T. (2015). Understanding the Antecedents, Contingencies, and Performance Implications of Process Innovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 80-97.
Preacher, K., & Hayes, A. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Pourdehnad, J., & Robinson, P. (2001). Systems approach to knowledge development for creating new products and services. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 18(1), 29-40.
Sampson, R. (2007). R&D alliances and firm performance: The impact of technological diversity and alliance organization on innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 364-386.
Sen, F., & Egelhoff, W. (2000). Innovative capabilities of a firm and the use of technical alliances. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 47(2), 174-183.
Slater, S., Mohr, J., & Sengupta, S. (2014). Radical product innovation capability: Literature review, synthesis, and illustrative research propositions. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(3), 552-566.
Sok, P., & O'Cass, A. (2011). Achieving superior innovation-based performance outcomes in SMEs through innovation resource–capability complementarity. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), 1285-1293.
Stettner, U., & Lavie, D. (2014). Ambidexterity under scrutiny: Exploration and exploitation via internal organization, alliances, and acquisitions. Strategic management journal, 35(13), 1903-1929.
Swan, K., Kotabe, M., & Allred, B. (2005). Exploring Robust Design Capabilities, Their Role in Creating Global Products, and Their Relationship to Firm Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(2), 144-164.
Swink, M., & Harvey, W. (1998). Core manufacturing capabilities and their links to product differentiation. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 18(4), 374-396.
Thomke, S., & Fujimoto, T. (2000). The Effect of “Front‐Loading” Problem‐Solving on Product Development Performance. Journal of product innovation management, 17(2), 128-142.
Vega-Jurado, J., Gutiérrez-Gracia, A., & Fernández-de-Lucio, I. (2009). Does external knowledge sourcing matter for innovation? Evidence from the Spanish manufacturing industry. Industrial and corporate change, 18(4), 637-670.
Verhees, F. J., & Meulenberg, M. T. (2004). Market orientation, innovativeness, product innovation, and performance in small firms. Journal of small
business management, 42(2), 134-154.
Weber, R. (1996). Toward a language of invention and synthetic thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 9(4), 353-367.
Williams, J., & MacKinnon, D. (2008). Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models. Structural Equation Modeling, 15(1), 23-51.
Wu, J. (2012). Technological collaboration in product innovation: The role of market competition and sectoral technological intensity. Research Policy, 41(2), 489-496.
Yalcinkaya, G., & Aktekin, T. (2014). Brand Extension Effects and Core Attributes of Experience Product Franchises: A Bayesian Approach. Journal of
Product Innovation Management, 32(5), 31-746.
Yam, R., Guan, J., Pun, K., & Tang, E. (2004). An audit of technological innovation capabilities in Chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China. Research policy, 33(8), 1123-1140.
Yam, R., Lo, W., Tang, E. & Lau, A. (2011). Analysis of sources of innovation, technological innovation capabilities, and performance: An empirical study of Hong Kong manufacturing industries. Research Policy, 40(3), 391-402.
Zeschky, M., Widenmayer, B., & Gassmann, O. (2014). Organising for reverse innovation in Western MNCs: the role of frugal product innovation capabilities. International Journal of Technology Management, 64(2-4), 255-275.
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Nov 30, 2015
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Arias Pérez, J. E., Durango Yepes, C. M., & Millán López, N. T. (2015). Process innovation capability and innovation performance: mediating effect of product innovation capability. AD-Minister, (27), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.27.4
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