Validation of an instrument to measure corporate social responsibility in consumers of Mexico
Main Article Content
Keywords
Corporate social responsibility, consumers, socially responsible behavior, measurement instrument, validation
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the empirical sustainability of a measurement instrument of corporate social responsibility in consumers from Mexico. For this purpose, a non-probabilistic sample of 436 students of a public university was selected, which was divided into two subsamples (n = 218). By means of an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis, the results obtained showed the empirical validity of the model. It is proposed that by using this instrument, sufficient empirical information might be obtained that serves for making strategic decisions, as well as to enrich and sustain the ideas and existing theories on CSR, which many of them have not been validated within the Latin American context. It is important to note that due to the nature of the topic and the type of scale, there exists the possibility of certain social desirability in the instrument responses. It is concluded that the instrument can be used by other researchers to assess CSR in a sustainable manner.
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References
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Aguinis, H., & Glavas, A. (2012). What We Know and Don’t Know About Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4), 932-968. DOI: 10.1177/0149206311436079
Alvarado, A., & Schlesinger, M. W. (2008). Dimensionalidad de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial percibida y sus efectos sobre la imagen y la reputación: una aproximación desde el modelo de Carroll. Estudios Gerenciales, 24(108), 37-59. Recuperado de: http://www.icesi.edu.co/revistas/index.php/estudios_gerenciales/article/view/267/265
Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J., & Thakadipuram, T. (2011). Ethical Cultures in Large Business Organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(4), 415-428. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-011-0976-9
Aupperle, K. E. (1982). An empirical inquiry into the social responsibilities as defined by corporations: An examination of various models and relationships (Tesis doctoral). University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Aupperle, K. E. (1984). An empirical measure of corporate social orientation. En L. E. Preston (Ed.), Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy (Vol. 6, pp. 27-54). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability. The Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 446-463. Recuperado de: http://www.jstor.org/stable/256210
Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2004). Doing Better at Doing Good: When, Why, and How Consumers Respond To Corporate Social Initiatives. California Management Review, 47(1), 9-24. DOI: 10.2307/41166284
Bigné, E., Chumpitaz, R., Andreu, L., & Swaen, V. (2005). Percepción de la responsabilidad social corporativa: un análisis cross-cultural. Universia Business Review, 5(1), 14-27. Recuperado de: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=43300503
Blunch, N. J. (2013). Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling Using IBM SPSS Statistics and Amos (2.ª ed.). Cornwall, England: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Brønn, P. S., & Vrioni, A. B. (2001). Corporate social responsibility and cause-related marketing: an overview. International Journal of Advertising, 20(2), 207-222. Recuperado de: http://home.bi.no/fgl96053/csrandcrm2.pdf
Brown, T. J., & Dacin, P. A. (1997). The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84. DOI: 10.2307/1252190
Burton, B. K., Farh, J. L., & Hegarty, W. H. (2000). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation: Hong Kong vs. United States Students. Teaching Business Ethics, 4(2), 151-167. DOI: 10.1023/a:1009862130160
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (2.ª ed.). Croydon, England: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/257850
Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48. DOI:10.1016/0007-6813(91)90005-g
Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295. DOI: 10.1177/000765039903800303
Carroll, A. B. (2008). A History of Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts and Practices. En A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon & D. Siegel (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 19-46). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press Inc. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0002
Cea, M. Á. (2002). Análisis multivariable: teoría y práctica en la investigación social. Madrid, España: Editorial
Síntesis.
Churchill, G. A. (1979). A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64-73. DOI: 10.2307/3150876
Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2010). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization (3.ª ed.). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.1002/csr.132
Edmondson, V. C., & Carroll, A. B. (1999). Giving Back: An Examination of the Philanthropic Motivations, Orientations and Activities of Large Black-Owned Businesses. Journal of Business Ethics, 19(2), 171-179. DOI: 10.1023/a:1005993925597
Fatma, M., & Rahman, Z. (2015). Consumer perspective on CSR literature review and future research agenda. Management Research Review, 38(2), 195-216. DOI: 10.1108/MRR-09-2013-0223
García de los Salmones, M. M., Herrero, A., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2005). Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Loyalty and Valuation of Services. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(4), 369-385. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-005-5841-2
Habisch, A., Jonker, J., Wegner, M., & Schmidpeter, R. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility Across Europe. Berlín, Alemania: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. DOI: 10.1007/b138371
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. (2000). Análisis Multivariante (5.ª ed.). Madrid, España: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s Consequences: International differences in work-related values (2.ª ed.). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (2.ª ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.
Ibrahim, N. A., Angelidis, J. P., & Howard, D. P. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparative Analysis of Perceptions of Practicing Accountants and Accounting Students. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(2-3), 157-167. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-005-5572-4
Kahreh, M. S., Babania, A., Tive, M., & Mirmehdi, S. M. (2014). An Examination to Effects of Gender Differences on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 664-668. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.525
Lee, M. D. P. (2008). A review of the theories of corporate social responsibility: Its evolutionary path and the road ahead. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(1), 53-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00226.x
Levin, R. I., & Rubin, D. S. (2004). Estadística para administración y economía (7.ª ed.). México: Pearson Educación de México, S. A. de C. V.
Luo, X., Wang, H., Raithel, S., & Zheng, Q. (2015). Corporate social performance, analyst stock recommendations, and firm future returns. Strategic Management Journal, 36(1), 123-136. DOI: 10.1002/smj.2219
Maignan, I. (2001). Consumers’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibilities: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 30(1), 57-72. DOI: 10.1023/a:1006433928640
Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2000). Measuring Corporate Citizenship in Two Countries: The Case of the United States and France. Journal of Business Ethics, 23(3), 283-297. DOI: 10.1023/a:1006262325211
Martínez, M. R., Hernández, M. J., & Hernández, M. V. (2006). Psicometría. Madrid, España: Alianza Editorial, S. A.
Marz, J. W., Powers, T. L., & Queisser, T. (2003). Corporate and Individual Influences on Managers’ Social Orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.1023/a:1024795705173
Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2008). “Implicit” and “Explicit” CSR: A Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 404-424. DOI: 10.5465/amr.2008.31193458
McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S., & Wright, P. M. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategic Implications. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 1-18. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00580.x
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts. The Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-886. Recuperado de: http://www.jstor.org/stable/259247
Mueller, T. S. (2014). Consumer Perception of CSR: Modeling Psychological Motivators. Corporate Reputation Review, 17(3), 195-205. DOI: 10.1057/crr.2014.9
Nalband, N. A., & Kelabi, S. A. (2014). Redesigning Carroll’s CSR Pyramid Model. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 2(3), 236-239. DOI: 10.12720/joams.2.3.236-239
Öberseder, M., Schlegelmilch, B. B., Murphy, P. E., & Gruber, V. (2014). Consumers’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), 101-115. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-013-1787-y
Ojeda, R. N., & Mul, J. (octubre, 2014). Evaluación de los consumidores sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa en Mérida, Yucatán, México. Trabajo presentado en la XIV Asamblea General de ALAFEC, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá. Recuperado de: http://www.alafec.unam.mx/docs/asambleas/xiv/ponencias/5.01.pdf
Pérez, A., García de los Salmones, M. M., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2008). Las dimensiones de la responsabilidad social de las empresas como determinantes de las intenciones de comportamiento del consumidor. Revista Asturiana de Economía, 41, 127-147. Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/10902/2240
Pérez, C. (2004). Técnicas de análisis multivariante de datos: aplicaciones con SPSS. Madrid, España: Pearson Educación, S. A.
Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making Sense of Factor Analysis: The Use of Factor Analysis for Instrument Development in Health Care Research. California, United States: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Pinkston, T. S., & Carroll, A. B. (1996). A retrospective examination of CSR orientations: Have they changed? Journal of Business Ethics, 15(2), 199-206. DOI: 10.1007/bf00705587
Ramasamy, B., & Yeung, M. (2009). Chinese Consumers’ Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Journal of Business Ethics, 88(S1), 119-132. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-008-9825-x
Schmidt, M. A., & Cracau, D. (2015). Cross-Country Comparison of the Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation in Germany and Qatar: An Empirical Study among Business Students. Documento presentado en la FEMM Working Papers Series, No. 6/2015, Magdeburg, Alemania.
Recuperado de: http://www.fww.ovgu.de/fww_media/femm/femm_2015/2015_06.pdf
Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does doing good always lead to doing better? Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 225-243. DOI: 10.1509/jmkr.38.2.225.18838
Smith, W., & Blackburn, R. (1988). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Psychometric Examination of a Management Instrument. Proceedings of the Southern Management Association, 293-295.
Smith, W. J., Wokutch, R. E., Harrington, K. V., & Dennis, B. S. (2001). An Examination of the Influence of Diversity and Stakeholder Role on Corporate Social Orientation. Business & Society, 40(3), 266-294. DOI: 10.1177/000765030104000303
Sprinkle, G. B., & Maines, L. A. (2010). The benefits and costs of corporate social responsibility. Business Horizons, 53(5), 445-453. DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2010.05.006
Stanaland, A. J. S., Lwin, M. O., & Murphy, P. E. (2011). Consumer Perceptions of the Antecedents and Consequences of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(1), 47-55. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-011-0904-z
Surroca, J., Tribó, J. A., & Waddock, S. (2010). Corporate responsibility and financial performance: The role of intangible resources. Strategic Management Journal, 31(5), 463-490. DOI: 10.1002/smj.820
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Published
Sep 8, 2016
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Wendlandt Amezaga, T. R., Álvarez Medina, M. T., Nuñez Ramírez, M. A., & Valdez Pineda, D. I. (2016). Validation of an instrument to measure corporate social responsibility in consumers of Mexico. AD-Minister, (29), 79–100. https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.29.4
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Author Biographies
Teodoro Rafael Wendlandt Amezaga, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora
Profesor investigador, Departamento de Ciencias Administrativas, Instituto Tecnológico de SonoraMaría Trinidad Álvarez Medina, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora
Profesora investigadora, Departamento de Contaduría y Finanzas, Instituto Tecnológico de SonoraMarco Alberto Nuñez Ramírez, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora
Profesor investigador, Departamento de Ciencias Administrativas, Instituto Tecnológico de SonoraDina Ivonne Valdez Pineda, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora
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