Impact of inter-organizational and extraorganizational factors on the policies of Science and Technology Parks in emerging economies
Main Article Content
Keywords
S&T parks policy, Intra-organizational factors, Extra-organizational factors
Abstract
This article aims to study policymaking resulting from the impact of intra- and extra-organizational factors of science and technology parks (S&T parks). This article is classified as applied in terms of objective and quantitative in terms of data gathering. The population comprises senior managers of companies established in the five selected S&T parks, totaling 493. Applying the stratified random sampling method and the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined at 216. The validity of the questionnaire’s content was endorsed by professors, experts and pundits. The Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire was extracted to be higher than endorsed levels in all dimensions, which shows the reliability of the research. Results show that intra-organizational factors (organizational, networking, legal and fiscal), with the intervention of extra-organizational factors (institutional, cultural and contextual, capital and location), lead to development of six S&T park policymaking categories (policymaking for culture and motivation, policymaking for creation of incentives, policymaking for development of capacity and capability, policymaking for infrastructure, policymaking for attracting investment, policymaking for creating business opportunities).
Downloads
References
Abdullahi, A. (2004). An Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria.
Allameh, M., Zamani, M., & Davoodi, S. M. R. (2011). The relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management. Procedia Computer Science, 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.197
Bali, A. O., & Zarea, H. (2018). The challenges of firms in Iraqi Kurdistan economy in the light of strategic acquisition theory. In Contributions to Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71722- 7_14
Bergek, A., Hekkert, M., Jacobsson, S., Markard, J., Sandén, B., & Truffer, B. (2015). Technological innovation systems in contexts: Conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2015.07.003
Bigliardi, B., Dormio, A. I., Nosella, A., & Petroni, G. (2006). Assessing science parks’ performances: Directions from selected Italian case studies. Technovation, 26(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. technovation.2005.01.002
Borrás, S., & Edquist, C. (2013). The choice of innovation policy instruments. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.03.002
Caruth, D., & Handlogten, G. D. (1988). Staffing the Contemporary Organization: A Guide to Planning, Recruiting, and Selecting for Human Resource Professionals.
Conceicao, P., Conceição, P., Heitor, M. v, & Lundvall, B.-Å. (2003). Innovation, Competence Building, and Social Cohesion in Europe: Towards a Learning Society. Edward Elgar.
Cuentas, G. A., Díaz, P. A., Carballido, L. D., & Rivero, M. L. L. (2013). Science and Technology Parks’ Characterization Based on Their Business Model. 22nd International Conference on Management of Technology: IAMOT 2013. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4173.9689
Ebrahimi, P., & Mirbargkar, S. M. (2017). Green entrepreneurship and green innovation for SME development in market turbulence. Eurasian Business Review, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-017-0073-9
Eriksson, E. A., & Weber, K. M. (2008). Adaptive Foresight: Navigating the complex landscape of policy strategies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. techfore.2008.02.006
Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C., & Nelson, R. R. (2005). The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. OUP Oxford.
Farsi, J. Y., Modarresi, M., & Zarea, H. (2011a). Obstacles and Solutions of Commercialization of University Research: Case Study of Small Businesses Development Center of University of Tehran. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 1(7).
Farsi, J. Y., Modarresi, M., & Zarea, H. (2011b). Obstacles and Solutions of Commercialization of University Research: Case Study of Small Businesses Development Center of University of Tehran. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 1(7).
Gibb, A., & Hannon, P. D. (2006). Towards the entrepreneurial university? www.ncge.org.uk
Gomes, L. A. de V., Facin, A. L. F., Salerno, M. S., & Ikenami, R. K. (2018). Unpacking the innovation ecosystem construct: Evolution, gaps and trends. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.009
Guadix, J., Carrillo-Castrillo, J., Onieva, L., & Navascués, J. (2016). Success variables in science and technology parks. Journal of Business Research, 69(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.045
Gupta, R., Jain, K., Kusre, A., & Momaya, K. S. (n.d.). Technology Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in India: Findings from a Survey.
Hackett, E. J., Amsterdamska, O., Lynch, M., & Wajcman, J. (2007). The handbook of science and technology studies. MIT Press.
Hall, J. C., Fellow, H. B. E., Sobel, R. S., & Coffman, J. C. (2006). PUBLIC POLICY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP SCHOOL OF BUSINESS Supporting Regional Economic Development through Analysis and Education About The Center for Applied Economics.
Hall, J., & Sobel, R. (2006). Public Policy and Entrepreneurship (Issue 060717). https://EconPapers.repec.org/ RePEc:bks:tchrpt:060717
Hart, P., & Kleiboer, M. (1995). Policy controversies in the negotiatory state. Knowledge and Policy, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02832227
Hendricks, M. D. (2015). Towards an Optimal Teacher Salary Schedule: Designing Base Salary to Attract and Retain Effective Teachers. Economics of Education Review, 47, 143–167.
Hove, M., & Zinyama, T. (2012). The Challenges of Zimbabwe Science and Technology Policy Formulation from 1980 to 2002. In International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (Vol. 2, Issue 2).
Jack, S., Rose, M., & Johnston, L. (2009). Tracing the historical foundations of social networks in entrepreneurship research. ISBE Liverpool Annual Conference.
Jimenez-Moreno, J. J., Martínez-Cañas, R., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Sáez-Martínez, F. J. (2013). The role of science and technology parks in the generation of firm level social capital through university–firm relations: An empirical study in Spain. In Advances in Spatial Science (Vol. 79, pp. 19–34). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33194-7_2
Khajeheian, D., & Ebrahimi, P. (2020). Media branding and value co-creation: effect of user participation in social media of newsmedia on attitudinal and behavioural loyalty. European J. of International Management, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2020.10020735
Kostka, G. (2014). Barriers to the Implementation of Environmental Policies at the Local Level in China. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7016
Lee, H., Lee, C., Seol, H., & Park, Y. (2008). On the r&d priority setting in technology foresight: A DEA and ANP approach. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1142/ S0219877008001333
Machnik-Słomka, J., & Kordel, P. (2016). Significance of technological entrepreneurship and creativity in metallurgical enterprises. Metalurgija, 55(4).
Markman, G. D., Gianiodis, P. T., & Phan, P. H. (2008). Full-time faculty or part-time entrepreneurs. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2007.912813
Moreno, J. D. J. (2008). an Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Their Decisive Factors : the Case of New Spanish Firms. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 12.
Mu, J., & di Benedetto, C. A. (2011). Strategic orientations and new product commercialization: Mediator, moderator, and interplay. R and D Management, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9310.2011.00650.x
O’shea, R., Allen, T. J., O’gorman, C., & Roche, F. W. (2004). Universities and Technology Transfer: A Review of Academic Entrepreneurship Literature. Irish Journal of Management, 25, 11.
Padilla-Pérez, R., & Gaudin, Y. (2014). Science, technology and innovation policies in small and developing economies: The case of Central America. Research Policy, 43, 749–759.
Petti, C., & Zhang, S. (2011). Factors influencing technological entrepreneurship capabilities: Towards an integrated research framework for Chinese enterprises. Journal of Technology Management in China, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/17468771111105631
Petti, C., & Zhang, S. (2013). Technological entrepreneurship and absorptive capacity in Guangdong technology firms. Measuring Business Excellence, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/13683041311329447
Prodan, Igor. (2007). A model of technological entrepreneurship. Handbook of Research on TechnoEntrepreneurship, 26–38. Rothwell, R. (1994). Towards the Fifth-generation Innovation Process. In International Marketing Review (Vol. 11, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339410057491
Rust, F. C. (2015). Requirements for a systems-based research and development management process in transport infrastructure engineering. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 26(1). https://doi. org/10.7166/26-1-904
Saji, K. B., & Mishra, S. S. (2013). Investigating the role of firm resources and environmental variables in new product commercialization. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 22(1). https://doi. org/10.1108/10610421311298641
Schön., Rein. (1994). Frame reflection : toward the resolution of intractable policy controversies. Basic book.
Seyoum, B. (2004). The role of factor conditions in high-technology exports: An empirical examination. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2003.09.007
Shaw, D. R., & Allen, T. (2018). Studying innovation ecosystems using ecology theory. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.030
Siegel, D. S., Wright, M., & Lockett, A. (2007). The rise of entrepreneurial activity at universities: Organizational and societal implication. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtm015
Silva, S. E., Venâncio, A., Silva, J. R., & Gonçalves, C. A. (2020). Open innovation in science parks: The role of public policies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. techfore.2019.119844
Smith, K. B., & Larimer, C. W. (2017). The public policy theory primer.
Soenarso, W. S., Nugraha, D., & Listyaningrum, E. (2013). Development of Science and Technology Park (STP) in Indonesia to Support Innovation-Based Regional Economy: Concept and Early Stage Development. World Technopolis Review, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.7165/wtr2013.2.1.32
Su, Z., & Zarea, H. (2020). Policy for Fostering Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Creative Industries. Nordic Journal of Media Management, 1(4), 583–588. https://doi.org/10.5278/njmm.2597-0445.6326
Talebi, K., Salimi Torkamani, M., & Zarea, H. (2010). Identifying Key Success Factors in New Product Development of Small and Medium Enterprises: The Case of Science and Technology Parks of Tehran. JOURNAL OF NEW ECONOMY & COMMERCE, 5(19–20), 83–99. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ ViewPaper.aspx?ID=277767
Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(2–3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.003
UNCTAD. (2017). Training Course on STI Policies MODULE 1 Innovation, Policy and Development Participant’s Handbook.
Wasim, M. U. (2014). Factors for Science Park Planning. World Technopolis Review, 3(2). https://doi. org/10.7165/wtr2014.3.2.97
Wonglimpiyarat, J. (2013). Innovation financing policies for entrepreneurial development - Cases of Singapore and Taiwan as newly industrializing economies in Asia. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2013.09.003
Xie, K., Song, Y., Zhang, W., Hao, J., Liu, Z., & Chen, Y. (2018). Technological entrepreneurship in science parks: A case study of Wuhan Donghu High-Tech Zone. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.01.021
Ye, J. H., Kankanhalli, A., & Yang, Z. (2012). Knowledge brokering for open innovation: A case study of innovation intermediaries. International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2012, 5.
Zarea, H., Yadollahi Farsi, J., & Hejazi, S. R. (2010). Performance Evaluation of University Research Commercialization at the Universities and Institutions of Higher Education of Iran. JOURNAL OF NEW ECONOMY & COMMERCE, 6(21–22), 183–202. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper. aspx?ID=277859
Zaridis, A. D., & Mousiolis, D. T. (2014). Entrepreneurship and SME’s Organizational Structure. Elements of a Successful Business. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 463–467. https://doi.org/https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.066
Article Sidebar
Article Details
Iman Esmaeelzadeh, Islamic Azad University, Iran
MA., Islamic Azad University, Iran. Email: smaielzadeh@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0003-4831-4562
Mahboobeh Karimi Tararani, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
PhD candidate, Department of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran,
Iran. Email: m_karimy@msrt.ir ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-6646.
Amin Tayebi, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
MA., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Email: amin_tayebi@alumni.iust.ac.ir ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-138X
Farinaz Kordbacheh Roudhend, Islamic Azad University, Iran
BS., Islamic Azad University, Iran. Email: farinaz.kordbache@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-0590-0329
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).