Jóvenes Nini, ¿limitante para la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación en Colombia?
Main Article Content
Keywords
Innovación, Empleo de jóvenes, empleo de jóvenes, Política científica, política científica
Resumen
El artículo que se presenta a continuación tiene como objetivo identificar las implicaciones de una política de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación que carece de estrategias para vincular a los jóvenes que ni estudian ni trabajan, o jóvenes Nini, en actividades orientadas al desarrollo de conocimiento científico en Colombia. Para este fin se comparan las características de la población joven del país, su participación en el mercado laboral y su nivel de formación entre el segundo trimestre del 2009, año de creación de la política de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CTI), y el 2016, año en el que se promueve su reforma. Entre los principales hallazgos se identifican aspectos relevantes para el diseño de una política de CTI en Colombia que incluyen estrategias de carácter interseccional donde variables como el género, la edad, el estrato, el nivel educativo y la ubicación espacial son relevantes para la construcción de identidades ocupacionales que incentiven la vinculación de los jóvenes a las actividades de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación de la economía.
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Referencias
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Caliendo, M. & Schmidl, R. (2016). Youth Unemployment and Active Labor Market Policies in Europe. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 5(1), 1-30. doi: 10.1186/s40173-016-0057-x
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Ernst, H., Kahle, H. N., Dubiel, A., Prabhu, J. & Subramaniam, M. (2015). The Antecedents and Consequences of Affordable Value Innovations for Emerging Markets. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 65-79. doi: 10.1111/jpim.12171
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2012). NEETs Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training: Characteristics, Costs and Policy Responses in Europe. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1254en.pdf
Genda, Y. (2007). Jobless Youths and the NEET Problem in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 10(1), 23-40. doi: 10.1093/ssjj/jym029
Ghoshray, A., Ordóñez, J. & Sala, H. (2016). Euro, Crisis and Unemployment: Youth Patterns, Youth Policies? Economic Modelling, 58, 442-453. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2016.05.017
Hammer, T. (2007). Labour Market Integration of Unemployed Youth From a Life Course Perspective: The Case of Norway. International Journal of Social Welfare, 16(3), 249-257. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2397.2006.00467.x
Hancock, A.-M. (2007). When Multiplication Doesn't Equal Quick Addition: Examining Intersectionality as a Research Paradigm. Perspectives on Politics, 5(1), 63-79. doi: 10.1017/S1537592707070065
Hankivsky, O. & Christoffersen, A. (2011). Gender Mainstreaming in the United Kingdom: Current Issues and Future Challenges. British Politics, 6(1), 30-51. doi: 10.1057/bp.2011.1
Hankivsky, O., Grace, D., Hunting, G., Giesbrecht, M., Fridkin, A., Rudrum, S., Ferlatte, O. & Clark, N. (2014). An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis Framework: Critical Reflections on a Methodology for Advancing Equity. International Journal for Equity in Health, 13(1). doi: 10.1186/s12939-014-0119-x
Hogan, D. & Gopinathan, S. (2008). Knowledge Management, Sustainable Innovation, and Pre-Service Teacher Education in Singapore. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 14(4), 369-384. doi: 10.1080/13540600802037793
Hutchinson, J., Beck, V. & Hooley, T. (2016). Delivering NEET Policy Packages? A Decade of NEET Policy in England. Journal of Education and Work, 29(6), 707-727. doi: 10.1080/13639080.2015.1051519
Ishii, K. & Uchida, Y. (2016). Japanese Youth Marginalization Decreases Interdependent Orientation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(3), 376-384. doi: 10.1177/0022022115621969
Kelly, E. & McGuinness, S. (2015). Impact of the Great Recession on Unemployed and NEET Individual´s Labour Market Transitions in Ireland. Economic Systems, 39(1), 59-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2014.06.004
Kovalainen, A. & Poutanen, S. (2013). Gendering Innovation Process in an Industrial Plant - Revisiting Tokenism, Gender and Innovation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 257-274. doi: 10.1108/IJGE-09-2012-0054
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Lam, A. (2002). Alternative Societal Models of Learning and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy. International Social Science Journal, 54(171), 68-82.
Ley 1622 del 29 de abril de 2013. Estatuto de Ciudadanía Juvenil, artículo 5.
Maguire, S. (2015). Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET): Recent Policy Initiatives in England and Their Effects. Research in Comparative and International Education, 10(4), 525-536. doi: 10.1177/1745499915612186
Manuel, T. (2007). Envisioning the Possibilities for a Good Life: Exploring the Public Policy Implications of Intersectionality Theory. Journal of Women, Politics and Policy, 28(3-4), 173-203. doi: 10.1300/J501v28n03_08
McCall, L. (2005). The complexity of intersectionality. Signs, 30(3), 1771-1800. doi: 10.1086/426800
McCall, L. (2008). The Complexity of Intersectionality. En E. Grabham, D. Cooper, J. Krishnadas & D. Herman (eds.), Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location (pp. 49-76). doi: 10.4324/9780203890882
McCombie, J. & Pike, M. (2011). The Problem of Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training: Is There a ‘Neet’ solution? En P. Arestis (ed.), Microeconomics, Macroeconomics and Economic Policy: Essays in Honour of Malcolm Sawyer, (pp. 54-71). doi: 10.1057/9780230313750_4
Naciones Unidas (1985). Asamblea General. Resoluciones aprobadas por la asamblea general durante el 40.° período de sesiones [en línea]. Recuperado de http://www.un.org/es/documents/ag/res/40/list40.htm
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Nelson, A. J. & Irwin, J. (2014). Defining What We Do - All Over Again: Occupational Identity, Technological Change, and the Librarian/Internet-Search Relationship. Academy of Management Journal, 57(3), 892-928. doi: 10.5465/amj.2012.0201
Norasakkunkit, V. & Uchida, Y. (2011). Psychological Consequences of Postindustrial Anomie on Self and Motivation Among Japanese Youth. Journal of Social Issues, 67(4), 774-786. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01727.x
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OIT (2016). World Employment and Social Outlook 2016: Trends for Youth. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_513739.pdf
Pemberton, S. (2008). Tackling the NEET Generation and The Ability of Policy to Generate a 'NEET' Solution - Evidence From the UK. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26(1), 243-259. doi: 10.1068/c0654
Popkova, E., Meshkova, S., Karpunina, E., Karpushko, E. & Karpushko, M. (2016). Developing Countries as New Growth Poles of Post-Crisis Global Economy. Contemporary Economics, 10(2), 175-186. doi: 10.5709/ce.1897-9254.208
Reichborn-Kjennerud, K. & Svare, H. (2014). Entrepreneurial Growth Strategies: The Female Touch International. Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 181-199. doi: 10.1108/IJGE-04-2013-0043
Reimer, S. (2009). Geographies of Production III: Knowledge, Cultural Economies and Work (revisited). Progress in Human Geography, 33(5), 677-684. doi: 10.1177/0309132509104807
Ritzen, J. & Marconi, G. (2011). Internationalization in European Higher Education. International Journal of Innovation Science, 3(2), 83-100. doi: 10.1260/1757-2223.3.2.83
Samuelson, P. y Nordhaus, W. (2010). Economía con aplicaciones a Latinoamérica. McGraw-Hill, México.
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Bell, D. N. F. & Blanchflower, D. G. (2011). Young People and the Great Recession. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 27(2), 241-267. doi: 10.1093/oxrep/grr011
Bermúdez-Lobera, Juan (2014). Las transiciones a la adultez de los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan (Ninis) en México. Papeles de Población, 20(79), 243-279.
Browne, I. & Misra, J. (2003). The Intersection of Gender and Race in the Labor Market. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 487-513. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100016
Bynner, J. (2012). Policy Reflections Guided by Longitudinal Study, Youth Training, Social Exclusion, and More Recently Neet. British Journal of Educational Studies, 60(1), 39-52. doi: 10.1080/00071005.2011.650943
Caliendo, M. & Schmidl, R. (2016). Youth Unemployment and Active Labor Market Policies in Europe. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 5(1), 1-30. doi: 10.1186/s40173-016-0057-x
Carr, E. R. & Thompson, M. C. (2014). Gender and Climate Change Adaptation in Agrarian Settings: Current Thinking, New Directions, and Research Frontiers. Geography Compass, 8(3), 182-197. doi: 10.1111/gec3.12121
Cho, S., Crenshaw, K. W. & McCall, L. (2013). Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis. Signs, 38(4), 785-810. doi: 10.1086/669608
Choo, H. Y. & Ferree, M. M. (2010). Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research: A Critical Analysis of Inclusions, Interactions, and Institutions in the Study of Inequalities. Sociological Theory, 28(2), 129-149. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x
Crenshaw, K. W. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299.
DANE (2009). Encuesta Anual Manufacturera. Consulta en línea: http://www.dane.gov.co/
DANE (2009). Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica. Consulta en línea: http://www.dane.gov.co/
DANE (2009). Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares –II trimestre. Consulta en línea: http://www.dane.gov.co/
DANE (2016). Encuesta Anual Manufacturera. Consulta en línea: http://www.dane.gov.co/
DANE (2016). Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica. Consulta en línea: http://www.dane.gov.co/
DANE (2016). Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares –II trimestre. Consulta en línea: http://www.dane.gov.co/
Duatrey, P. (2014). La invención de una categoría: los Ninis. El caso mexicano. RIPS. Revista de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociológicas, 13(2),103-122.
de Jonga, J. P. J., Kalvet, T. & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2010). Exploring a Theoretical Framework to Structure the Public Policy Implications of Open Innovation. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 22(8), 877-896. doi: 10.1080/09537325.2010.522771
de la Torre, L. y Baquerin de Riccitelli, M. (2017). Los jóvenes argentinos que no estudian ni trabajan: déficit de integración social. Reis. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 158,97-116. doi:10.5477/cis/reis.158.97
Demidova, O., Marelli, E. & Signorelli, M. (2015). Youth Labour Market Performances in the Russian and Italian Regions. Economic Systems, 39(1), 43-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2014.06.003
Dietrich, H. & Möller, J. (2016). Youth Unemployment in Europe – Business Cycle and Institutional Effects. International Economics and Economic Policy, 13(1), 5-25. doi: 10.1007/s10368-015-0331-1
DNP (2009). CONPES 3582. Política Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.
https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/3582.pdf
Enders, J. (2005). Border Crossings: Research Training, Knowledge Dissemination and the Transformation of Academic Work. Higher Education, 49(1-2), 119-133. doi: 10.1007/s10734-004-2917-3
Ernst, H., Kahle, H. N., Dubiel, A., Prabhu, J. & Subramaniam, M. (2015). The Antecedents and Consequences of Affordable Value Innovations for Emerging Markets. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 65-79. doi: 10.1111/jpim.12171
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2012). NEETs Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training: Characteristics, Costs and Policy Responses in Europe. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1254en.pdf
Genda, Y. (2007). Jobless Youths and the NEET Problem in Japan. Social Science Japan Journal, 10(1), 23-40. doi: 10.1093/ssjj/jym029
Ghoshray, A., Ordóñez, J. & Sala, H. (2016). Euro, Crisis and Unemployment: Youth Patterns, Youth Policies? Economic Modelling, 58, 442-453. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2016.05.017
Hammer, T. (2007). Labour Market Integration of Unemployed Youth From a Life Course Perspective: The Case of Norway. International Journal of Social Welfare, 16(3), 249-257. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2397.2006.00467.x
Hancock, A.-M. (2007). When Multiplication Doesn't Equal Quick Addition: Examining Intersectionality as a Research Paradigm. Perspectives on Politics, 5(1), 63-79. doi: 10.1017/S1537592707070065
Hankivsky, O. & Christoffersen, A. (2011). Gender Mainstreaming in the United Kingdom: Current Issues and Future Challenges. British Politics, 6(1), 30-51. doi: 10.1057/bp.2011.1
Hankivsky, O., Grace, D., Hunting, G., Giesbrecht, M., Fridkin, A., Rudrum, S., Ferlatte, O. & Clark, N. (2014). An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis Framework: Critical Reflections on a Methodology for Advancing Equity. International Journal for Equity in Health, 13(1). doi: 10.1186/s12939-014-0119-x
Hogan, D. & Gopinathan, S. (2008). Knowledge Management, Sustainable Innovation, and Pre-Service Teacher Education in Singapore. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 14(4), 369-384. doi: 10.1080/13540600802037793
Hutchinson, J., Beck, V. & Hooley, T. (2016). Delivering NEET Policy Packages? A Decade of NEET Policy in England. Journal of Education and Work, 29(6), 707-727. doi: 10.1080/13639080.2015.1051519
Ishii, K. & Uchida, Y. (2016). Japanese Youth Marginalization Decreases Interdependent Orientation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(3), 376-384. doi: 10.1177/0022022115621969
Kelly, E. & McGuinness, S. (2015). Impact of the Great Recession on Unemployed and NEET Individual´s Labour Market Transitions in Ireland. Economic Systems, 39(1), 59-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2014.06.004
Kovalainen, A. & Poutanen, S. (2013). Gendering Innovation Process in an Industrial Plant - Revisiting Tokenism, Gender and Innovation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 257-274. doi: 10.1108/IJGE-09-2012-0054
LaboUr (2017). Perfil juvenil urbano de la inactividad y el desempleo en el país. https://www.labourosario.com/single-post/2017/03/30/Informe-Perfil-Juvenil-Urbano-De-La-Inactividad-Y-El-Desempleo-En-El-Pa%C3%ADs Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario.
Lam, A. (2002). Alternative Societal Models of Learning and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy. International Social Science Journal, 54(171), 68-82.
Ley 1622 del 29 de abril de 2013. Estatuto de Ciudadanía Juvenil, artículo 5.
Maguire, S. (2015). Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET): Recent Policy Initiatives in England and Their Effects. Research in Comparative and International Education, 10(4), 525-536. doi: 10.1177/1745499915612186
Manuel, T. (2007). Envisioning the Possibilities for a Good Life: Exploring the Public Policy Implications of Intersectionality Theory. Journal of Women, Politics and Policy, 28(3-4), 173-203. doi: 10.1300/J501v28n03_08
McCall, L. (2005). The complexity of intersectionality. Signs, 30(3), 1771-1800. doi: 10.1086/426800
McCall, L. (2008). The Complexity of Intersectionality. En E. Grabham, D. Cooper, J. Krishnadas & D. Herman (eds.), Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location (pp. 49-76). doi: 10.4324/9780203890882
McCombie, J. & Pike, M. (2011). The Problem of Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training: Is There a ‘Neet’ solution? En P. Arestis (ed.), Microeconomics, Macroeconomics and Economic Policy: Essays in Honour of Malcolm Sawyer, (pp. 54-71). doi: 10.1057/9780230313750_4
Naciones Unidas (1985). Asamblea General. Resoluciones aprobadas por la asamblea general durante el 40.° período de sesiones [en línea]. Recuperado de http://www.un.org/es/documents/ag/res/40/list40.htm
Naidoo, R. & Jamieson, I. (2005). Empowering Participants or Corroding Learning? Towards a Research Agenda on the Impact of Student Consumerism in Higher Education. Journal of Education Policy, 20(3), 267-281. doi: 10.1080/02680930500108585
Nelson, A. J. & Irwin, J. (2014). Defining What We Do - All Over Again: Occupational Identity, Technological Change, and the Librarian/Internet-Search Relationship. Academy of Management Journal, 57(3), 892-928. doi: 10.5465/amj.2012.0201
Norasakkunkit, V. & Uchida, Y. (2011). Psychological Consequences of Postindustrial Anomie on Self and Motivation Among Japanese Youth. Journal of Social Issues, 67(4), 774-786. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01727.x
O’Reilly, J., Eichhorst, W., Gábos, A., Hadjivassiliou, K., Lain, D., Leschke, J., McGuinness, S., Kureková, L. M., Nazio, T., Ortlieb, R., Russell, H. & Villa, P. (2015). Five Characteristics of Youth Unemployment in Europe: Flexibility, Education, Migration, Family Legacies, and EU Policy. SAGE Open, 5(1), 1-19 p. doi: 10.1177/2158244015574962
OIT (2016). World Employment and Social Outlook 2016: Trends for Youth. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_513739.pdf
Pemberton, S. (2008). Tackling the NEET Generation and The Ability of Policy to Generate a 'NEET' Solution - Evidence From the UK. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26(1), 243-259. doi: 10.1068/c0654
Popkova, E., Meshkova, S., Karpunina, E., Karpushko, E. & Karpushko, M. (2016). Developing Countries as New Growth Poles of Post-Crisis Global Economy. Contemporary Economics, 10(2), 175-186. doi: 10.5709/ce.1897-9254.208
Reichborn-Kjennerud, K. & Svare, H. (2014). Entrepreneurial Growth Strategies: The Female Touch International. Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 181-199. doi: 10.1108/IJGE-04-2013-0043
Reimer, S. (2009). Geographies of Production III: Knowledge, Cultural Economies and Work (revisited). Progress in Human Geography, 33(5), 677-684. doi: 10.1177/0309132509104807
Ritzen, J. & Marconi, G. (2011). Internationalization in European Higher Education. International Journal of Innovation Science, 3(2), 83-100. doi: 10.1260/1757-2223.3.2.83
Samuelson, P. y Nordhaus, W. (2010). Economía con aplicaciones a Latinoamérica. McGraw-Hill, México.
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Publicado
jun 29, 2018
Article Details
Cómo citar
Pineda Ospina, D. L. (2018). Jóvenes Nini, ¿limitante para la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación en Colombia?. AD-Minister, (32), 83–106. https://doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.32.4
Número
Sección
Artículos de investigación
Agencias de apoyo
Universidad del Valle
Biografía del autor/a
Diana Lorena Pineda Ospina, Universidad del Valle
Profesora e investigadora del Departamento de Administración y Organizaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Administración de la Universidad del Valle.
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